Ask A Question on the daf

Previous daf

1) [line 1] LA'CHUTZ - to make a partition between himself and the graves in such a way that he does not become Tamei

2) [line 5] KOL MITZVAS ASEH SHEHA'ZEMAN GERAMA Mitzvos which must be performed at a specific time of the day belong to the category called Mitzvas Aseh sheha'Zeman Gerama. Some examples are Sukah, Lulav, Shofar, Tefilin and Tzitzis. Women are exempt from these Mitzvos, with the exception of Kidush on Friday night, Matzah on Pesach night, the Korban Pesach, Hakhel and Simchah on Pesach, Shavu'os and Sukos. (RAMBAM Hilchos Avodah Zarah 12:3)

3) [line 9] SIMCHAH
(a) The Mitzvah of Simchah (Devarim 27:7) that applies on the three Holidays of Pesach, Shavu'os and Sukos is to eat from sacrifices every day of the holiday. If no other sacrifice was available, people would bring a special Korban, known as Shalmei Simchah, for the purpose of fulfilling this Mitzvah. Women are also obligated in this Mitzvah (RAMBAM Hilchos Chagigah 1:1).
(b) Besides offering extra Korbanos, the Mitvah of Simchah also requires all of the Jews to be happy on the holidays. This Mitvah is fulfilled by buying food and clothing that cause one to be happy, each person according to his taste. One must also remember to support the poor and downtrodden on Yom Tov, for if one spends one's time eating and drinking without helping the poor, it is not considered a Simchah Shel Mitzvah; rather, it is Simchas Kreiso (a feast for one's stomach) (RAMBAM Hilchos Yom Tov 6:17-18)

4) [line 9] HAKHEL
All of the Jewish people are obligated in the Mitzvah of Hakhel once every seven years, as it states in Devarim 31:10-13, "At the end of every seven years, in the Shemitah year, during the festival of Sukos, when all of Yisrael comes to appear before HaSh-m in the place which He shall choose, you shall read this Torah before all of Yisrael. Gather the people together, men, women and children ... that they may hear, and learn, and fear HaSh-m, your Lord, and observe all the words of this Torah." This takes place in the Beis ha'Mikdash on the second day of Sukos in the year following the Shemitah year. During Hakhel, the King reads from the Torah portions of Devarim, as specified in the Mishnah in Sotah 41a.

5) [line 17] ZAV (MIDRAS, MASA, and HESET of a ZAV)
(a) A Zav, a man who emits Zov two or three times, whether it is emitted in one day or in two or three consecutive days, is an Av ha'Tum'ah. Zov is a clear discharge with the appearance of the white of a sterile or spoiled egg, in contrast with semen, which has the consistency of fresh egg white. Zov can also be a pus-like discharge resembling the liquid from barley dough or soft barley batter.
(b) A woman who has a show of blood for three consecutive days during her 11 days of Zivah, becomes a Zavah Gedolah, and is also an Av ha'Tum'ah.
(c) A Zav and a Zavah, like a Nidah and a Yoledes, can cause objects that are *under* them to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether they touch them or not. The objects become Tamei Midras (lit. an object that is treaded upon), otherwise known as Mishkav or Moshav ha'Zav/ha'Zavah (or the *Tachton*, of a Zav or Zavah.) An object under a Zav or a Zavah becomes a Midras only if it was made for lying, sitting, or leaning upon. Earthenware objects (Klei Cheres) cannot become Midras.
(d) A person who *touches* (Maga) or *carries* (Masa) either a Midras or a Zav or Zavah themselves, along with the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he is touching at the time, get the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah.
(e) Utensils or clothes which lie *above* the Zav or Zavah also get the status of a Rishon l'Tum'ah, whether they touch them or not. These are called the *Elyon* of a Zav or Zavah.
(f) A Zav or Zavah also cause Tum'ah through Heset, when they move (or outweigh on a balance scale) a person or object that is Tahor. In all other types of Tum'ah besides Zav, Zavah, Nidah and Yoledes, the Tamei who moves a person or object that is Tahor does *not* Metamei the person or object. Only Zav, etc. can Metamei people or objects in this way.

6) [line 19] MISHKAV U'MOSHAV
See above, #5 c, d.

7) [line 20] MERKAV
(a) A Zav and a Zavah, like a Nidah and a Yoledes, can cause objects that are *under* them to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether they touch them or not. The objects become Tamei Midras (lit. an object that is treaded upon), otherwise known as Mishkav or Moshav ha'Zav/ha'Zavah (or the *Tachton*, of a Zav or Zavah.) An object under a Zav or a Zavah becomes a Midras only if it is made for lying, sitting, or leaning upon. Earthenware objects (Klei Cheres) cannot become Midras.
(b) A person who *touches* (Maga) or *carries* (Masa) either a Midras or a Zav or Zavah themselves, along with the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he is touching at the time, get the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah.
(c) Merkav ha'Zav/ha'Zavah is a form of Mishkav that does not cause the clothing worn by the person who touches it (or the object he is touching at the time) to become Tamei. Only if a person *carries* a Merkav do his clothes become Tamei (Vayikra 15:9-10).
(d) The Rishonim disagree as to what item the Torah calls a Merkav. Some say that it is the upward projecting handle in front of a saddle, which is grasped when riding (RASHI to Vayikra ibid. and here). Others say that it is anything that a rider *straddles*, as opposed to sitting upon with legs together, like a chair. (See Insights)

8) [line 21] GABA D'UKAFA - the upper part of the saddle which is used as a handle by the rider (see next entry)
9) [line 23] HA'TAFUS - (O.F. arcon) the upward projecting handle in front part of a saddle, which is grasped when riding (RASHI) or when mounting (RABEINU CHANANEL)

10) [line 28] KEMEIHIN U'FITRIYOS - types of boletes, such as mushrooms, morels and truffles

11) [line 39] PEIRA - an object that has been produced
12) [line 41] TZIR - fish brine which contains salt water
13) [line 42] KIRVEI DAGIM - the intestines of fish
14) [line 44] SHUMNA D'FEIRA - the fat of an object that has been produced

15) [line 3] SHE'NASAN DEMEI MAYIM VA'MELACH B'HAVLA'AH - (lit. he assimilated the money for the water and the salt) he paid for the water and salt in an deceptive manner, with the stipulation that all of the money was being paid for the oil

16) [line 6] GIZASAH - its shearing of wool
17) [line 7] KANKANO - its jug
18) [line 8] TEMED - fermented grape pits steeped in water, which is used as an inferior wine

19) [line 10] MOVILNA MANEI A'BASREI L'VEI MASUSA - I will carry his clothes after him to the bathhouse (like a servant)

20) [line 19] HAINU NETIRUSEI - this is with what it is protected, i.e. stored

21) [line 20] KIYUHA B'ALMA HU - it has merely absorbed the acidity of the fermented grape pits; [(O.F. aigrum) acidity]

22) [line 23] DEVEILAH KE'ILIS - preserved figs from Ke'ilah, a town in the lowland district of Judea, which are intoxicating

23) [line 42] RIBUYEI U'MI'UTEI/ KELALEI U'FRATEI
(a) Rebbi Yehudah ben Gadish and Rebbi Eliezer interpret the verses of the Torah on the basis of Ribuyim (inclusions, i.e. qualifications that enlarge the scope of the law) and Mi'utim (exclusions). Other Tana'im interpret the verses of the Torah on the basis of Kelalim (generalizations) and Peratim (specifications).
(b) According to the approach that learns Ribuyei u'Mi'utei, when a Ribuy is followed by a Mi'ut, which is followed in turn by another Ribuy, then everything is included except for something that is totally dissimilar to the Mi'ut. According to the approach that learns Kelalei u'Fratei, when a Klal is followed by a Perat, which is followed in turn by another Klal, then everything is included that is similar to the Perat. However, what is not similar to the Perat in all ways is not included. (This means that the verse will include *less* instances than the first opinion assumed.)

24) [line 49] PRI MI'PRI - an object that has been produced from something that has been produced

25) [line 51] VELAD VELADOS HA'ARETZ - an object that has grown from the growth of the earth

26) [last line] MI'MAYA IVRU - were created from the sea

Next daf