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1) THAT WHICH IS MORE FREQUENT TAKES PRECEDENCE

(a) (Mishnah): Whatever is more Tadir (frequent) takes precedence (is done first):

1. Temidim come before Musafim;
2. Musafim of Shabbos come before Musafim of Rosh Chodesh;
3. Musafim of Rosh Chodesh come before Musafim of Rosh Hashanah;
4. We learn from "Milvad Olas ha'Boker Asher l'Olas ha'Tamid Ta'asu Es Eleh" (i.e. the Tamid was first, because it is more Tadir).

(b) (Gemara) Question: What is the source of this?

1. Objection: The Mishnah explicitly gave the source - "Milvad Olas..."!
2. Answer: Perhaps only the Tamid has precedence, for it is brought every day - what is the source that a more frequent Musaf precedes a less frequent Musaf?

(c) Answer #1 (R. Ila'a): "*Ka'Eleh* Ta'asu la'Yom Shiv'as Yamim" - the Musafim (of Pesach) are like the Tamid (mentioned before this), precedence is given to what is more Tadir.

1. Question: The verse is needed for the simple meaning (it is not extra to teach about Tadir)!
2. Answer: If so, it should have said '*Eleh* Ta'asu la'Yom'. (Rather, it says "Ka'Eleh", to equate it to the Tamid.)
3. Question: Had it said this, one might have thought that the seven lambs are brought over the course of the seven days!
4. Answer: It says "la'Yom" (teaching that all the Korbanos are brought each day).
5. Question: One might have thought that the Korbanos are brought on the first day, and we would not know what is brought on the other days!
6. Answer: "Ta'asu" - all the Asiyos (actions) are the same.

(d) Answer #2 (Abaye): We learn from "Milvad Olas...";

1. Had it said only "Milvad Olas ha'Boker", we would have known that the Tamid is first;
2. "Asher l'Olas ha'Tamid" is extra, to teach that whatever is more Tadir has precedence.

(a) (Mishnah): Whatever is more Kodesh comes first:

1. Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah, for the former is Mechaper (for Chayavei Kerisus);
2. Ivrei (limbs of an) Olah come before Eimurei Chatas (the parts offered, e.g. Chelev), for Olah is Kalil (entirely burned on the Mizbe'ach);
3. Chatas comes before Asham, for its blood is put on the four Keranos (and Dam Asham is not) and on the Yesod (Rashi - and this is not explicit in the Torah regarding Dam Asham; Shitah Mekubetzes - Dam Chatas goes on the Yesod just like Dam Asham, i.e. this is not a stringency of Asham over Chatas);
4. Asham comes before Todah and Ayil Nazir, for it is Kodshei Kodoshim;
5. Todah and Ayil Nazir come before Shelamim, for they are eaten only for one day (and a night) and are accompanied by bread;
6. Shelamim comes before Bechor, for it requires four Matanos of blood, Semichah, Nesachim, and Tenufah of Chazeh v'Shok;
7. Bechor comes before Ma'aser (Behemah), for it is Kodesh from (the time it was in or left) the womb, and is eaten only by Kohanim;
8. Ma'aser comes before birds, for it is a Zevach (slaughtered, as opposed to Melikah), and parts of it, i.e. the blood and Eimurim, are Kodshei Kodoshim;
9. Birds come before Menachos, for they have blood;
10. Minchas Chotei (i.e. that a very poor person brings for a Chatas Oleh v'Yored) comes before Minchas Nedavah, for it is brought on account of a transgression;
11. Chatas ha'Of comes before Olas ha'Of;
12. The same applies to making them Hekdesh (we should Makdish Chatas ha'Of before Olas ha'Of).

(b) (Gemara) Question: What is the source of this?
(c) Answer (Beraisa) Question: "U'Far Sheni...l'Chatas" - we already know that two bulls are taken (for Chanukas ha'Leviyim), "Va'Ase Es ha'Echad Chatas v'Es ha'Echad Olah"!

1. Answer: One might have thought that the Chatas is offered entirely before the Olah - the verse calls it second, to teach that this is not so.
2. Suggestion: Since the verse calls it second, perhaps the Olah is offered entirely before the Chatas!
3. Rejection: "Va'Ase Es ha'Echad Chatas v'Es ha'Echad Olah".
4. Resolution: Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah, for it is (normally) Mechaper (but Ivrei Olah come before Eimurei Chatas).

(d) (Mishnah): Ivrei Olah...
(e) Question: The first Matanah of Dam Chatas is fully Mechaper, the last three Matanos are not - why do they come before Dam Olah?
(f) Answer #1 (Ravina): The verse teaches that Dam Chatas ha'Leviyim comes before Dam Olah, even though this Chatas did not atone for a Chet, it was like an Olah - this teaches that the Torah gives precedence to Matanos Dam Chatas even when it does not atone.
(g) Answer #2 (Chachamim of Eretz Yisrael): Once a Kohen begins Matanos Dam Chatas, he finishes them (before engaging in another Korban.)
(h) Question: Which comes first, Dam Chatas or Ivrei Olah?

1. Dam Chatas comes first, for it is Mechaper - or perhaps Ivrei Olah come first, for they are Kalil (totally burned)!

(i) Answer (Mishnah): Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah.

1. Inference: It comes before Dam Olah, but not before Ivrei Olah!

(j) Rejection: The Seifa (a later clause of the Mishnah) teaches just the contrary!

1. (Seifa): Ivrei Olah come before Eimurei Chatas.
2. Inference: They come before Eimurei Chatas, but not before Dam Chatas!

(k) Conclusion: (The inferences contradict each other,) we cannot settle the question from the Mishnah.
(l) Question: Which comes first, Dam Olah or Eimurei Chatas?

1. Dam Olah comes first, for it is from a Korban that is Kalil - or perhaps Eimurei Chatas come first, for they are from a Korban that is Mechaper!

(m) Answer (Mishnah): Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah.

1. Inference: It comes before Dam Olah, but Eimurei Chatas are not before Dam Olah!

(n) Rejection: The Seifa teaches just the contrary!

1. (Seifa): Ivrei Olah come before Eimurei Chatas.
2. Inference: They come before Eimurei Chatas, but Dam Olah is not before Eimurei Chatas!

(o) Conclusion: We cannot settle the question from the Mishnah.

(a) Question: Which comes first, Dam Olah or Dam Asham!

1. Dam Olah comes first, for it is from a Korban that is Kalil - or perhaps Dam Asham comes first, for it is Mechaper!

(b) Answer #1 (Mishnah): Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah.

1. Inference: Dam Chatas comes before Dam Olah, but Dam Asham is not before Dam Olah.

(c) Rejection: Really, it should have said that Dam Asham comes before Dam Olah - since the Seifa teaches that Ivrei Olah come before Eimurei Chatas, the Reisha discusses Dam Chatas for parallel structure;

1. The Seifa could not teach that Ivrei Olah come before Eimurei Asham, for then we would think that Eimurei Chatas come before Ivrei Olah.

(d) Answer #2 (Mishnah): Chatas comes before Asham.

1. Inference: Chatas comes before Asham, but Olah does not come before Asham.
2. Suggestion: This refers to the blood.

(e) Rejection: No, it refers to Eimurim.
(f) Support: The Mishnah explains, because its *blood* is put...(if the Mishnah was already discussing the blood, it would only say 'it is put'...)
(g) (Mishnah): Chatas comes before Asham...
(h) Question: Asham should come before Chatas, for it has a Shi'ur (it must cost at least two Shekalim)!
(i) Answer: The additional Matanos of Chatas outweigh this stringency of Asham.
(j) (Mishnah): Asham comes before Todah and Ayil Nazir...
(k) Question: They should come before Asham, for they are accompanied by bread!
(l) Answer: The fact that Asham is Kodshei Kodoshim outweighs this stringency.
(m) (Mishnah): Todah and Ayil Nazir come before Shelamim...
(n) Question: Shelamim should come before them, for both the Tzibur (i.e. on Shavu'os) and individuals bring Shelamim!
(o) Answer: The fact that Todah and Ayil Nazir are eaten only for one day outweighs this stringency.
(p) Question: Which has precedence, Todah or Ayil Nazir?

1. Todah comes first, for it is accompanied by four kinds of bread (and Ayil Nazir is accompanied only by two);
2. Or, perhaps Ayil Nazir comes first, for other Zevachim must be brought with it!

(q) Answer (Beraisa): Todah comes before Ayil Nazir, for it is accompanied by four kinds of bread, Ayil Nazir is accompanied only by two.

(a) (Mishnah): Shelamim comes before Bechor...
(b) Question: Bechor should come first, for it is Kodesh from the womb, and only Kohanim may eat it!
(c) Answer: The extra Mitzvos of Shelamim (four Matanos, Semichah, Nesachim, and Tenufah) outweigh the stringencies of Bechor.
(d) (Mishnah): Bechor comes before Ma'aser...
(e) Question: Ma'aser should come first, for even the animals (that left the pen) before and after it (i.e. the ninth and 11th) become Kodesh (if they were mistakenly called 'Tenth')!
(f) Answer: The fact that Bechor is Kodesh from the womb outweighs this.
(g) (Mishnah): Ma'aser comes before birds...
(h) Question: We should say that birds come first, for they are Kodshei Kodoshim!
(i) Answer: The fact that Ma'aser is a Zevach outweighs this.

(a) (Ravina bar Shila): If the Eimurim of Kodshim Kalim left the Azarah before Zerikah, they are Pesulim.
(b) Support (Mishnah): Ma'aser comes before birds, for it is a Zevach, and parts of it, i.e. the blood and Eimurim, are Kodshei Kodoshim.

1. Question: Granted, Eimurim is a stringency of Ma'aser not found in birds - but why does the Mishnah mention the blood, also blood of birds is Kodesh Kodoshim!
2. Answer: This teaches that the Eimurim are like the blood, they are Kodshei Kodoshim even before Zerikah;
3. Just like blood that leaves the Azarah before Zerikah is Nifsal, also Eimurim.

(c) Suggestion: The following (also) supports Ravina.

1. (R. Yochanan): If meat of Kodshim Kalim left the Azarah before Zerikah, it is Kosher;
2. (Reish Lakish): It is Pasul.

i. R. Yochanan is Machshir because it will be permitted to take the meat out (after Zerikah), Reish Lakish is Posel because the Heter did not yet take effect.

3. Suggestion: They only argue about meat, but all agree about Eimurim (since they may never leave, they are Nifsalim through Yotzei even before (they become Kodshei Kodoshim as a result of) Zerikah).

(d) Rejection: No, they also argue about Eimurim;

1. Their argument was taught regarding meat to teach the extremity of Reish Lakish, he is Posel even meat, even though later, Yotzei will be permitted.