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1) [line 1] L'MIKTELEI B'DAVAR HA'NIZRAK - to kill it (the mad dog) with an object that is thrown or shot from a distance

2) [line 3] D'CHAYIF BEI, MISTAKEN - a person who rubs against it, is in danger of losing his life

3) [line 3] D'NACHIS LEI, MAYIS - a person who is bitten by it, dies
4) [line 4] NISHLACH MANEI V'NIRHIT - he should take off his clothes (throw them down before it -- BACH) and run away

5) [line 8] MASHCHA D'APA D'DICHRA - [(O.F. puteis) polecat] the hide of a male polecat, a small dark brown flesh-eating animal similar to a weasel [RASHI also calls this animal a Tzavu'a. RASHI to Avodah Zarah 42a identifies the Apa as the Bardelas, which may be (a) (O.F. puteis) a polecat; a small dark brown flesh-eating animal similar to a weasel; (b) a ferret; a small, half-tamed, flesh-eating animal similar to a weasel; (c) a striped hyena; a striped wild animal of the genus felis leopard (for which the modern-day equivalent is Tzavu'a); (d) a marten (Tosfos Sanhedrin 15b DH veha'Bardelas)]

6) [line 10] KANATI KANATI KALIROS - these words are an incantation
7) [line 13] V'NIKLINHU - and burn them
8) [line 13] V'NAVDERINHU L'KITMEI A'PARASHAS DERACHIM - and scatter their ashes on a crossroads

9) [line 14] B'GUVSA DI'NCHASHA - in a copper tube
10) [line 15] BAVU'AH D'SHEIDA - the reflected image of the demon
11) [line 17] CHASH B'TZEFIDNA - suffered from Tzefidna, a disease which first affects the teeth and gums and spreads to the intestines, possibly scurvy

12) [line 17] MATRONISA - Roman matron; aristocratic woman
13) [line 17] AVDA LEI MILSA - she treated him with a remedy
14) [line 19] IY MITZTERICHNA - if I do need it
15) [line 21] LO MEGALINA - I will not divulge it
16) [line 23] MEI SE'OR - the liquid part of sourdough
17) [line 24] MISHCHA D'GADFA D'AVZA - [(O.F. penail) feather of a wing or a tail] the fat extracted from the marrow of a bone of the wingtip or tail of a goose

18) [line 25] V'LO ITSA'I - and I was not cured
19) [line 25] HA'HU TA'AYA - that Arab merchant
20) [line 26] KASHYASA D'ZEISA - the pits of olives
21) [line 26] D'LO MALU TILTA - that have not developed to a third of their growth
22) [line 26] A'MARA CHADETA - [(O.F. fossoir) a hoe] on a new hoe
23) [line 26] V'ADBIK B'KACHEI D'DAREI - and stick it to the row of teeth, gums
24) [line 27] ME'CHAMIMEI CHAMIMEI D'CHITEI - from eating very hot wheat bread
25) [line 27] SHIYUREI KASA D'HARSENA - Kasa d'Harsena (fish that is cooked with flour in its own oil) that was left overnight

26) [line 28] MI'BEI DAREI - from in between his row of teeth; from the gums
27) [line 32] B'ZU V'LO B'ACHERES - in this [case the Chachamim agree that it is permitted] but not in the other [case of the mad dog]

28) [line 32] YERAKON - jaundice
29) [line 36] SERONKI - (O.F. estranguillon) quinsy, a severe development of heat, pain, redness and swelling in the throat

30) [line 17] D'AMDUHA L'TEMANYA YOMEI - they estimated that he needs to take the medicine for eight days

31) [line 20] L'HAVROSO - to help him get well by washing him
32) [line 23] GEDOLEI YISRAEL - (a) adult Jews; (b) great Sages (RAMBAM in Peirush ha'Mishnayos Perek Mefanin)

33) [line 24] MITZTARFIN L'DA'AS ACHERES - their opinion is counted as long as there are Gedolei Yisrael who are of the same opinion

34) [line 24] PIKU'ACH - (O.F. descombrement) the act of clearing away; removal [of any life-threatening circumstances]

35) [line 26] METZUDAH - net
36) [line 27] D'KA TZAYID KAVREI - he catches fish
37) [line 27] OKER CHULYA - he breaks loose some of the dirt of the wall of the pit
38) [line 28] D'MESAKEN DARGA - he makes a step
39) [line 30] L'MISBAR B'SHIFEI - (a) to break it into planks for building; (b) to break it into chips of wood for kindling

40) [line 32] D'KA MEMAKEICH MAKUCHEI - he levels the coals and lowers them to the ground, thus producing a coal fire that can be utilized after Shabbos

41) [line 33] MIB'IS - he is afraid; seized with fright
42) [line 34] (MASHBISH) [MEKARKISH] LEI B'AMGUZEI - someone can offer him nuts (or other treat that takes his mind off his situation)

43) [line 39, 40] V'CHOL KAVU'A K'MECHETZEH AL MECHETZEH DAMI / KOL D'PARISH ME'RUBA PARISH

(a) KOL D'PARISH ME'RUBA KA'PARISH
When in doubt as to the nature of an item, we normally follow the Rov (majority rule) and assume that the item is of the same Halachic status as the majority of such items. For instance, if a piece of meat is found lying on the street (or in the hands of a non-Jew in the street), and most of the meat in the town is Kosher, it can be safely assumed that the meat is kosher. This is learned from "Acharei Rabim l'Hatos" (Shemos 23:2).

(b) KOL KAVU'A K'MECHETZEH AL MECHETZEH DAMI
If, however, the nature of the item is in doubt while it is still "in its place," or Kavu'a, (i.e. it was not separated from other items of its kind), we do not follow the Rov. Instead, we remain in doubt as to the status of the item. For instance, if a person buys meat and then forgets whether he bought it at a Kosher or non-Kosher store, we cannot assume that the meat is Kosher just because most of the stores in the town are Kosher. We are questioning its status while it is still in its proper place (= the store), before it was separated from the other pieces of meat in the store.

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