POINT BY POINT SUMMARY
by R. Nosson Slifkin Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Yerushalayim Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Ta'anis 14
1) WHERE TO SAY ANEINU (Cont.)
(a) Support for objection (R. Ashi): We see that the second
and third series of fasts were identical in having
twenty-four Berachos from the Mishnah:
1. The Mishnah states that the last series were different
to the previous series in that the Shofar was blown
and the stores were locked.
2. The implication is that they were identical in all
other aspects.
3. Suggested objection: Other differences were left out.
4. Refutation: It says that "these were the [only]
differences"!
5. Objection: But we know that the difference of the Aron
being placed in the street was left out!
6. Refutation: It wasn't left out; it was mentioned in
the other Perek.
(b) Objection: If so, we can also say that there is a
difference in the number of Berachos, and it wasn't
mentioned as it is mentioned in the other Perek.
(c) Question: In conclusion, where does one say Aneinu?
(d) Opinion #1: Between the Berachos of Ge'ulah and Refuah.
(e) Opinion #2: In the Berachah of Shome'a Tefilah.
(f) The Halachah is that it is said in the Berachah of
Shome'a Tefilah.
2) PREGNANT AND NURSING MOTHERS
(a) Tana #1: Pregnant and nursing mothers fast in the first
set of fasts, but not in the last set.
(b) Tana #2: They fast in the last set of fasts, but not in
the first set.
(c) Tana #3: They do not fast in the first or last set of
fasts.
(d) (R. Ashi): If we explain that they fasted in the middle
set of fasts, we can reconcile all these statements.
3) SHOFAR
(a) The Mishnah states that the last series were different to
the previous series in that they were Masri'in and the
stores were locked.
(b) (R. Yehudah) Masri'in means that the Shofar was blown.
(c) (R. Yehudah b. R. Shmuel bar Shilas citing Rav) It means
that they would cry out with Aneinu.
(d) The presumption is that each does not hold of the other's
view.
(e) Question: We see in a Beraisa that in the last set of
seven fasts, there were a total of eighteen Hasra'os, and
Yericho is the Siman - and Yericho was conquered with
Shofaros!?
(f) Answer: All agree that Masri'in refers to Shofar; the
dispute is whether it also refers to Aneinu.
(g) Question: We see in a Beraisa that Masri'in only refers
to Shofar:
1. For other plagues, such as skin disease, locusts,
flies, hornets, mosquitoes, snake and scorpion
infestations, they were not Masri'in, only cry out
in prayer.
(h) Answer: It is a dispute between Tana'im:
1. (Beraisa) On Shabbos, we are Masri'in for besieged or
flooded cities and storm-tossed ships.
2. (R. Yosi) We do so to call aid, but not in prayer.
3. It can't be referring to Shofar, as that is forbidden
on Shabbos; it must refer to Aneinu, and we see it
is referred to with Masri'in.
14b---------------------------------------14b
4) ADDING MORE FASTS
(a) In the days of R. Yehudah ha'Nasi, thirteen fasts were
decreed, which were not answered, so he considered
decreeing more.
(b) R. Ami told him not to overburden the community.
(c) R. Aba claimed that R. Ami only said this to avoid
fasting himself; rather, for any troubles other than
rain, we fast until we are answered.
1. Likewise, a Beraisa states that the sequence of fasts
was only said for rain, but for other troubles, we
fast until we are answered.
(d) Question: Doesn't this contradict R. Ami?
(e) Answer: It is a dispute between Tana'im:
1. (Rebbi) We don't impose more than thirteen fasts on
the community, so as not to overburden them.
2. (R. Shimon b. Gamliel) The reason is that the time for
rainfall has passed.
5) PLACES WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
(a) The Bnei Ninveh asked Rebbi: "We who need rain even in
midsummer, should we pray for rain like individuals, in
Shome'a Tefilah, or as a community, in Birchas ha'Shanim?
(b) He replied that they should pray like individuals.
(c) Question: We see otherwise in a Beraisa:
1. The given order of fasts applies to an era when the
seasons function as normal and Yisrael are in their
land, but nowadays, it changes according to the
needs of the year and the location.
(d) Answer: You can't challenge Rebbi with a Beraisa; he is a
Tana and he can argue with it.
(e) Question: In conclusion, where should they ask for rain?
(f) (R. Nachman) In Birchas ha'Shanim.
(g) (R. Sheshes) In the Berachah of Shome'a Tefilah.
(h) The Halachah is that they should say it in Shome'a
Tefilah.
6) CLOSING THE STORES
(a) The Mishnah said that on Monday, the doors to the stores
would be partially opened before dark, and on Thursday,
all day, because of Shabbos.
(b) Question: Does this mean that on Thursday they would be
partially open all day, or fully open all day?
(c) Answer: We see the latter in a Beraisa:
1. On Monday, the doors to the stores would be partially
opened before dark, and on Thursday, they would be
fully open all day, because of Shabbos.
2. On Monday, if he had two doors, one should be open and
the other closed.
3. If he had chairs blocking the view of his door, it can
be left open.
7) BUILDING AND PLANTING
(a) The Mishnah said that if these fasts did not work either,
people must decrease business, building, planting...
(b) Building and planting refers to buildings and plantings
for pleasure.
(c) Building for pleasure refers to building a house for
one's son who is about to marry.
(d) Planting for pleasure refers to planting a tree in honor
of the king's new son.
8) GREETING
(a) The Mishnah also forbade greeting people in these
circumstances.
(b) (Beraisa) Talmidei Chachamim may not greet each other.
1. If greeted by an Am ha'Aretz, one should reply in a
low voice.
(c) They should dress and sit as mourners, as excommunicated
people, despised by Hashem, until He has mercy upon them.
(d) (R. Elazar) An important person may not prostrate himself
in prayer unless he is as certain as Yeshoshua to be
answered.
(e) An important person may not wear sackcloth unless he is
as certain as Yehoram ben Achav to be answered.
(f) Not everyone is answered by rending their clothes, and
not everyone is answered through falling down.
1. Moshe and Aharon were answered by falling on their
faces.
2. Yehoshua and Kalev were answered by rending their
clothes.
3. Objection: Since it says "*And* Yehoshua", it means
that he did both.
(g) Not everyone is answered by bowing down, and not everyone
is answered by prostrating themselves.
1. Kings are answered by bowing down.
2. Princes are answered by prostrating themselves.
3. Objection: Since it says "Princes *and* they shall
prostrate themselves", it means that they did both.
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