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1) BATHING RESTRICTIONS ON DIFFERENT DAYS

(a) (Rafram bar Papa citing R. Chisda) On any occasion that is due to mourning, such as Tishah b'Av and regular mourning, it is forbidden to bathe whether in hot or cold water.
(b) On any occasion that is due to refraining from pleasure, such as a Ta'anis Tzibur, it is forbidden to bathe in hot water but permitted in cold.

1. (R. Idi bar Avin) This is also evident from our Mishnah, which states that on a Ta'anis Tzibur, they would lock the (hot) bathhouses.
2. (Abaye) This is no proof - if even cold water were forbidden, it couldn't have said that we lock the rivers!
3. (R. Shisha b. R. Idi) The intent is that since it already said that bathing is forbidden, it wouldn't have to say that the bathhouses are locked unless it was to point out that only hot water is forbidden.

(c) Support: A proof for R. Chisda is suggested from a Beraisa:

1. Those who are obligated in Tevilah can do so as normal even on Tishah b'Av and Yom Kipur.
2. This cannot be referring to warm water, as warm water is drawn and invalid for Tevilah.
3. It must therefore be referring to cold water, and we see that only such people may bathe in it, but not others!

(d) Dismissal (R. Chana bar Katina): It is no proof; it may be referring to the hot springs of Tiveriya.
(e) Support: In the latter part of the Beraisa, it is noted that the loss of the Beis ha'Mikdash justifies losing one bathing a year - we see that even cold water is forbidden!
(f) Dismissal (R. Papa): It refers to a location where cold water is not to be found.
(g) Contradiction: A contradiction to R. Chisda is suggested from another Beraisa:

1. The Beraisa states:

i. The prohibition of Melachah on a Ta'anis Tzibur only applies by day.
ii. The prohibition of wearing leather shoes only applies within a city.
iii. The prohibition of washing only applies to the whole body, but not to the face, hands and feet.
iv. The same applies to an excommunicated person and to a mourner.

2. The latter clause presumably applies to all the aforementioned laws.
3. It cannot be referring to warm water, as a mourner may not wash any part of his body with warm water.
4. So it must be referring to cold water, and we see that on a Ta'anis Tzibur it is forbidden to bathe in cold water!

(h) Resolution: It refers to warm water; it is only the earlier laws that are also being applied to a mourner.
(i) Contradiction: Another contradiction to R. Chisda is brought:

1. When R. Yosi b. R. Chanina's sons died, he bathed in cold water during the seven days of mourning!?

(j) Resolution: In that case, it was allowed because he had consecutive periods of mourning:

1. (Beraisa) If a person had consecutive periods of mourning, then if his hair grows overly long, he can cut it with a razor, and he can wash his clothes in water.
2. (R. Chisda) He can use a razor but not scissors; he can wash them in water but not with detergents or sand.

(a) (Rava) A mourner may wash in cold water all seven days - it is no different from eating meat and drinking wine.

(b) Question: We see otherwise in a Beraisa:

1. A Bogeres (adult girl) may not let herself appear ugly while mourning for her father.
2. The implication is that a Na'arah (sub-adult girl) may.
3. This can't be referring to hot water, as nobody is allowed to wash in hot water while mourning (not even a Bogeres).
4. So it must refer to cold water, and we see that anyone other than a Bogeres is forbidden!?

(c) Answer: It isn't referring to washing; it is referring to wearing makeup.
(d) A proof for Rava is suggested:

1. When R. Yosi b. R. Chanina's sons died, he bathed in cold water during the seven days of mourning!?

(e) Refutation: In that case, it was allowed because he had consecutive periods of mourning:

1. (Beraisa) If a person had consecutive periods of mourning, then if his hair grows overly long, he can cut it with a razor, and he can wash his clothes in water.
2. (R. Chisda) He can use a razor but not scissors; he can wash them in water but not with detergents or sand.

(f) Alternate version: (Rava) A mourner may not bathe in cold water during the seven days of mourning.
(g) It is different from meat and wine, which are permitted to help lessen one's sorrows.
(h) A proof is suggested from a Beraisa:

1. A Bogeres may not let herself appear ugly while mourning for her father.
2. The implication is that a Na'arah may.
3. This can't be referring to hot water, as nobody is allowed to wash in hot water while mourning (not even a Bogeres).
4. So it must refer to cold water, and we see that anyone other than a Bogeres is forbidden!?

(i) Refutation: It isn't referring to washing; it is referring to wearing makeup.

1. (R. Chisda) If wearing makeup is forbidden, then so is washing clothes.

(j) The Halachah is that a mourner may not wash his body whether in hot or cold water during the seven days.

1. He may, however, wash his face, hands and feet in cold water.
2. He may not anoint himself in even the slightest amount, except to remove sweat.

(a) Question: Where do we recite the Aneinu prayer?
(b) Answer (R. Yehudah): An individual in a private fast says Aneinu between the Berachos of Ge'ulah and Refuah.
(c) Objection (R. Yitzchak): Surely an individual cannot establish his own separate Berachah!?
(d) Rather, he recites it within Shome'a Tefilah.

1. R. Sheshes holds the same.

(e) Question: We see otherwise in a Beraisa:

1. (Beraisa) The difference between an individual and a Tzibur on a fast day is that one says eighteen Berachos and the other says nineteen.
2. "Tzibur" can't refer to the Shalich Tzibur, as he says twenty-four Berachos.
3. It must refer to an individual who accepts a private fast, and an individual who accepts a Ta'anis Tzibur.
4. We see that the latter may establish his own Berachah of Aneinu, thereby totaling nineteen Berachos!?

(f) Answer: It refers to a Shaliach Tzibur, and it is discussing the first three fasts, when there are not twenty-four Berachos.
(g) Question: Surely it says that the only difference between the first three fasts and the latter fasts is regarding the prohibition of Melachah!?

1. Answer: It left out this other difference.
2. Question #1: What else was left out, such that we can say that this was left out?
3. Question #2: It says that this is the *only* difference!?

(h) New answer: The Tana is only referring to prohibitions, not to the forms of prayer.
(i) Alternate answer: The twenty-four Berachos are not recited in the middle series of fasts either.
(j) Objection: A Beraisa states that the only difference between the middle and last series of fasts is that in the latter, the Shofar is blown and the stores are locked!

1. Suggested answer: It left out this other difference.
2. Refutation: It says that this is the *only* difference!?
3. Answer: "Only" cannot be a precise term, as it also left out the difference that the Aron is only placed in the street for the latter fasts.
4. Refutation: That is not mentioned as it is done publicly.