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Sotah 8
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SOTAH 8 (3 Teves) - Dedicated by Sid and Sylvia Mosenkis of Queens, N.Y., in
memory of Sylvia's father, Shlomo ben Mordechai Aryeh, who passed away 3
Teves 5751/1990.
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1) [line 1] D'MASKINAN LAH U'MACHTINAN LAH - we bring her up [to the Lishkas
ha'Gazis (which is located partially in the Azarah) to threaten her] and
then take her down [from Har ha'Bayis to wear her out, and afterwards bring
her up again to the Gates of Azarah, Sha'arei Nikanor]
2) [line 1] KEDEI L'YAG'AH - to wear her out, to make her exhausted
3) [line 3] MASI'IN - move [them] from place to place
4) [line 4] SHE'TITAREF DA'ATAN ALEIHEN - in order to confuse them [so that
false witnesses will retract their false testimony]
5) [line 14] LO MIN HA'SHEM HU ZEH - the reason that you (Tana Kama) gave is
not the main reason for this Halachah (RASHI)
6) [line 16] REBBI SHIMON HI, D'DARISH TA'AM D'KERA
Rebbi Shimon used to suggest logical reasons for the Torah's commandments;
this is the meaning of "Darish Ta'ama di'Kra," as in Yevamos 23a.
7) [line 19] EIN OSIN MITZVOS CHAVILOS CHAVILOS
One should not "package" Mitzvos together, but rather perform them one at a
time. The RASHBAM (Bava Basra 102b) explains that by doing two or more
Mitzvos at one time, it appears that the Mitzvos are a burden to the ones
performing them.
8) [line 22] EIN ROTZ'IN SHNEI AVADIM (RETZI'AS EVED IVRI - a Jewish slave
whose ear is pierced who then works for his master until the Yovel year)
(a) There are two ways that a Jew can be bought as a slave. Either he may
sell himself because he is destitute, or he may be sold by Beis Din to pay
back a theft. In either case he is obligated to work for his master for only
six years (Shemos 21:6) or until the Shemitah or Yovel years, whichever of
the three comes first (ibid. 21:2-4).
(b) If at the termination of six years he expresses his desire to continue
life as a slave, the master makes the slave stand near a doorpost and
pierces his right ear and the door with an awl. The slave then must continue
to serve his master until the Yovel year (ibid. 21:6). This Halachah only
applies to male slaves who were sold by Beis Din and not to slaves who sell
themselves (RAMBAM Hilchos Avadim 3:6).
9) [line 22] EIN ORFIN SHTEI EGLOS (EGLAH ARUFAH)
(a) If a Jew is found murdered in a field (in Israel) and it is not known
who the murderer is, the Torah requires that an Eglah Arufah be brought in
order to atone for the blood that was spilled (Devarim 21:1). The procedure
is as follows:
(b) Five elders of the Beis Din of the Lishkas ha'Gazis (the Jewish Supreme
Court) measure the distance between the dead body and the cities around it
to determine which city is closest to it.
(c) The elders of the city that is closest to the corpse must bring a female
calf that has never been worked to a Nachal Eisan (a swiftly flowing
stream - RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:2; a valley with tough soil - RASHI).
They strike it on the back of its neck (Arifah) with a cleaver, severing its
spinal column, gullet and windpipe.
(d) The elders of the closest city then wash their hands there and say, "Our
hands have not spilled this blood, and our eyes did not see [the murder]."
(Devarim 21:7) This includes a proclamation that the dead man was not sent
away from the city without the proper food for his journey or the proper
accompaniment. The Kohanim that are present say, "Atone for Your people
Yisrael whom You have redeemed, HaSh-m, and do not place [the guilt for]
innocent blood in the midst of Your people Yisrael" (ibid. 21:8). After this
procedure, HaSh-m will grant atonement for the innocent blood that was
spilled (RAMBAM Hilchos Rotze'ach 9:3).
10) [line 33] HA'ISH MECHASIN OSO PEREK ECHAD MI'LEFANAV - (this refers to a
man who receives the capital punishment of stoning; the word "Perek" has two
possible meanings) (a) a man is covered with one [small loin] *cloth* from
the front (RASHI); (b) a *small portion* of a man is covered from the front
(RASHI to Sanhedrin 45a)
11) [line 38] YISGARU - become impassioned by her
12) [line 38] PIRCHEI KEHUNAH - young Kohanim
13) [line 39] (MISTALKA) [MISTAKLA] - she is stoned [and will not be alive
to attract the Pirchei Kehunah]
14) [last line] KED'SHANYAN - like we answered
8b---------------------------------------8b
15) [line 2] MISHUM "V'NIVASRU KOL HA'NASHIM" - to fulfill the verse, "[Then
I will cause lewdness to cease from the land;] and all the women will be
chastised, [and they will not imitate your lewdness.]" (Yechezkel 23:48)
16) [line 12] MECHU'ARIM - ugly
17) [line 15] SHELI'ACH ARTIL - [a person] is stripped naked
18) [line 15] V'SAYIM MESANEI! - but he puts on shoes!
19) [line 19] TZALTZUL - (O.F. bendel) a small fine belt or band
20) [line 29] TIRGEMAH A'NASHIM - render it (the former phrase of the
Mishnah) that it is referring to women
21) [line 40] LO PALAT - did not escape punishment
22) [line 40] AF AL GAV D'"MIDAH" BETEILAH - even though the exact measure
(the prescribed punishment given by Beis Din) has ceased
23) [line 41] "B'MIDAH" LO BATIL - an equal measure (punishment) has not
ceased
24) [line 43] ARBA MISOS
(a) Arba Misos Beis Din, the four death penalties administered by Beis Din,
in their order of stringency are:
1. Sekilah (stoning)
2. Sereifah (burning with molten lead, which is poured down the throat)
3. Hereg (killing with a sword) (Sefer ha'Chinuch #50)
4. Chenek (strangulation) (Sefer ha'Chinuch #47)
(b) According to the Rebbi Shimon (Mishnah Sanhedrin 9:3, Gemara Sanhedrin
49b), the order of their stringency is Sefreifah, Sekilah, Hereg and Chenek.
(c) If a person commits two capital offences, he is put to death with the
more stringent of the two. If a number of people were sentenced to die
through different death penalties, and it is not known which sentence was
passed upon which person, Beis Din administers to all of them the least
stringent of the death penalties to which they were sentenced.
(d) Chazal instituted a practice of burying people who were sentenced to
capital punishment in two different cemeteries: one for those who were put
to death by Sekilah and Sereifah and one for those who were put to death by
Hereg and Chenek.
25) [line 46] DORASTO - tramples him to death
26) [line 47] MAKISHO - bites him
27) [line 50] SERUNCHI - (O.F. bon malant) quinsy, a severe development of
heat, pain, redness and swelling in the throat
28) [line 50] "B'SASE'AH B'SHALECHAH TERIVENAH; [HAGAH B'RUCHO HA'KASHAH
B'YOM KADIM.]" - "By measure, by exile, You contended with them; [He removed
her by His rough blast in the day of the east wind.]" (Yeshayah 57:8)
29a) [line 51] SE'AH/TARKAV/KAV/ROVA TOMAN/UCHLA (MEASURES)
1 Se'ah = 6 Kabin
1 Tarkav* = 3 Kav = 1/2 Se'ah
1 Kav = 4 Lugin
1 Rova (ha'Kav) = 1/4 Kav = 1 Log
1 Log = 6 Beitzim
1 Toman = 1/8 Kav = 1/2 Log = 3 Beitzim
1 Revi'is = 1/4 Log = 1.5 Beitzim
1 Uchla = 1/5 Log = 1.2 Beitzim
1 Beitzah = approximately 0.05, 0.0576 or .1 liters, depending upon the
differing Halachic opinions. Therefore:
1 Se'ah = 7.2, 8.29 or 14.4 liters
*(the word Tarkav is a conjunction of the words Trei (two [Kavim]) and Kav
(one Kav), yielding three Kavim.)
b) [line 51] TUMAN/UCHLA
(a) Alternatively, Toman and Uchla are referring to weights (RASHI to our
Daf);
1 Litra = the Roman Libra, a pound
1 Uchla = 1/8 Litra
(b) There is no clear definition of the Toman as a weight.
30) [line 52] "KI CHOL SE'ON SO'EN B'RA'ASH..." - "For all stormy battles
are fought with an uproar..." (Yeshayah 9:4) - This verse contains the word
"Se'on," which has the connotation of a small Se'ah (i.e. a small measure).
Even sins of a small measure will be repaid measure for measure ("Kol Se'on
So'en").
31) [line 54] LEIRA'OS LO - to appear to him
32) [line 54] KELONAH - her shame
33) [line 54] PEIRSAH LO SUDARIN NA'IN - she spread beautiful kerchiefs on
her head to entice him
34) [last line] KISHTAH LO PANEHA - adorned, beautified her face for him
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