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1) DOES "HEKDESH" BUY ON CONDITION?

(a) Question: Do we find Chachamim that argue with R. Shimon (and say that Hekdesh purchases on condition)?

1. Suggestion: Yes - Chachamim (Daf 10B) permit redeeming the extra incense and giving it to the workers.
2. Rejection: Incense never becomes blemished, therefore they must stipulate, so it may be redeemed;

i. We have no source that they stipulate to permit redeeming an unblemished animal, we could wait until it gets a blemish!

(b) Answer #1: Yes - Chachamim (11B) permit redeeming an unblemished red heifer.
(c) Rejection: Perhaps only there they stipulate, because it is very expensive.
(d) Answer #2: Yes - Rabanan asked R. Shimon why he permits using goats of Rosh Chodesh for Yom Kipur (they also permit, but for a different reason).
(e) Rejection: Granted, if Rabanan hold like R. Yehudah (that the goats atone for different things), they must hold that Hekdesh purchases on condition;

1. But perhaps Rabanan hold like R. Meir, that all the goats atone for the same thing!

(f) Answer #3: R. Yochanan had a tradition that Chachamim say that Hekdesh buys on condition, and (Tosfos - he derived from our Mishnah) that R. Shimon argues.

(a) Question: According to R. Shimon, what do we do with the extra lambs for the Tamid?
(b) Answer (R. Yitzchak): They are brought as Nedavah (communal Olah offerings when the Altar is idle).
(c) (Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak): R. Shimon admits that extra communal Chatas goats are not themselves brought as Nedavah,

1. Rather, they are left to graze until they become blemished; they are redeemed, and the money goes to Nedavah.
2. R. Shimon only permits using the same animal when it was originally an Olah as well (e.g. the Tamid);
3. But if it was originally a Chatas, the same animal is not offered as Nedavah;

i. This is a decree, lest it be brought before the replacement for the Chatas is offered (and then it is still a Chatas, it is not a valid Olah).

(d) Support #1 (Abaye - Mishnah - R. Yehudah): If the (inner) bull or goat of Yom Kipur was lost, and another was taken in its place and the lost animal was found, we leave it to die;

1. The same applies to goats brought for idolatry.
2. R. Elazar and R. Shimon say, it is left to graze (until it gets a blemish; it is redeemed), the money goes to Nedavah, because the congregation's Chatas is never left to die.
3. Question: Why can't the found animal itself be offered?
4. Answer: This is a decree, lest it be brought before the replacement is offered.

(e) Support #2 (Rava - Mishnah): If (after the lottery to determine which goat is offered to Hash-m and which is sent, one of them dies, we take two other goats and do another lottery;

1. One new goat will replace the dead goat; the other grazes until it gets a blemish, the money goes to Nedavah
2. Question: Why can't the goat itself be offered?
3. Answer: This is a decree, lest it be brought before the original goat is offered.

(f) Support #3 (Ravina - Mishnah): Reuven separated an Asham (guilt-offering); he died, or he lost it and offered a different animal and then found the first one - the (unneeded) Asham grazes until it gets a blemish, the money goes to Nedavah;

1. R. Eliezer says, we leave the Asham to die;
2. R. Yehoshua says, Reuven (or his heir, if he died) uses its money to buy an Olah and brings it.
3. Question: Why can't the animal itself be offered as an Olah?
4. Answer: This is a decree, lest it be brought before the replacement is offered.

(g) Support (Beraisa): Extra (Chatas) offerings that are not needed are brought as Kitz for the Altar, like Benos Shu'ach (a type of fig).

(h) Question: "...V'Chol Devash Lo Saktiru...la'Shem" (we cannot offer fruit on the Altar)!
(i) Answer (Rav Chanina): The Beraisa means, it is *like* figs for a person (i.e. as a dessert).
(j) (Rav Nachman bar Rav Chisda): We do not offer birds as Kitz for the Altar.
(k) Rejection (Rava): This is wrong!
(l) Objection (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): What is wrong with it?

1. (Rav Simi of Nehardai): Extra sacrifices are used for Nedavah of the congregation; the congregation does not bring birds as Olos.

(m) Version #1 (Rashi): Shmuel holds like R. Yochanan (that R. Shimon holds that extra lambs designated for the Tamid are brought as Olos Nedavah).

1. (Shmuel): Communal sacrifices may be slaughtered for something slightly different than their original designation, as long as it is similar.
2. Support (Beraisa): R. Shimon admits that if a goat of the festival was not offered on the festival, it may be offered on Rosh Chodesh; if it was not offered on Rosh Chodesh, it may be offered on Yom Kipur; if not then, on the next festival; if not, on the following festival, for it was originally designated to be brought on the outer Altar.

(n) Version #2 (Tosfos) Shmuel holds like R. Yochanan (that Chachamim hold that Hekdesh purchases on condition, extra Tamid sacrifices can be redeemed unblemished).

1. (Shmuel): Communal sacrifices may be changed from their original designation until slaughtered.

(o) (Beraisa): R. Shimon admits that if a goat of the festival was not offered on the festival, it may be offered on Rosh Chodesh; if not, on Yom Kipur; if not, on the next festival; if not, on the following festival, for it was originally designated to be brought on the outer Altar. (Some explain, this is a support for Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak, who says that R. Shimon admits that extra communal Chatas goats are not themselves brought as Nedavah.)

(a) (Mishnah): The inner goat and Yom Kipur atone for intentional Tum'ah in the Mikdash or with Kodshim.
(b) Question: What is the source of this?
(c) Answer (Beraisa): "V'Chiper Al ha'Kodesh mi'Tum'os Benei Yisrael...";

1. "Umi'Pisheihem" refers to intentional sins, "Chatosom" refers to unintentional sins.

(d) (Mishnah): The goat sent to Azazel atones for all other transgressions, light or severe, intentional or unintentional, (whether or not the person knows he sinned, Lav or Ase, even what is punishable by Kares or death)...
(e) Question: The Mishnah teaches the same things in different ways!

1. A light sin is a Lav or Ase; a severe sin is one punishable by Kares or death!
2. Intentional is when he knows that he sinned, unintentional is when he does not know!

(f) Answer (Rav Yehudah): The Mishnah teaches thusly: the goat sent to Azazel atones for all other transgressions, light or severe, intentional or unintentional,

1. The unintentional sins are whether or not the person found out that he *may have* sinned (e.g. one of two pieces of meat was Chelev, he is unsure which he ate; normally, the doubt obligates him to bring an Asham).
2. A light sin is a Lav or Ase; a severe sin is one punishable by Kares or death.

(g) Question: What is the case of an Ase?

1. If he did not repent, sacrifices do not atone for him - "Zevach Resha'im To'evah"!
2. If he repented, he got atonement immediately!

i. (Beraisa): One who transgressed an Ase and repented, he is immediately forgiven.

(h) Answer (R. Zeira): The case is, he did not repent; the Mishnah is Rebbi.