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***************GIRSA SECTION********************
We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach, Rav B. Rensburg and the parenthetical marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any *OTHER* changes that we feel ought to be made in Gemara, Rashi or Tosfos.)

[1] Rashi 17a DH Choshev Mashkeh:
The words "l'Hachshir Ochel *sheb'Socho*"
should be "*sheb'Socho*, l'Hachshir Ochel"
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1) [line 1] AKAPE'ACH ES BANAI - I will bury my sons
2) [line 1] MEKUPECHES - distorted
3) [line 2] IKAR - farmer
4) [line 10] HEIKEFO - its circumference
5) [line 17] BOTZRIN - we pick grapes
6) [line 18] EIN MOSKIN - we do not pick olives
7) [line 18] TAKNITEINI - you will anger me

8) [line 27] KELI TAMEI CHOSHEV MASHKIN
(a) All foods become Temei'im if they touch a source of Tum'ah, but only after they first become wet. Making foods wet in a manner that enables them to become Temei'im is called "Hechsher." From then on, even after they dry, they can still become Temei'im. Seven liquids can enable foods to become Temei'im: water, dew, oil, wine, milk, blood and honey.

(b) The food can only become Tamei if the owner of the food was pleased that his food became wet. This is learned from the Pasuk (Vayikra 11:38) "v'Chi Yutan Mayim Al Zera..." ("If water has been placed on seeds and then the dead body [of a Sheretz] fell upon them, the seeds are Tamei".) The word "Yutan" in the Pasuk is written without a Vav, just like the word "Yiten" -- "he places." However, it is read "Yutan" -- "it was placed." From this we learn that water or other liquids that fall on the food must be desirable to the owner of the food, as though he himself applied them.

(c) If one of these liquids was itself undesirable, and the owner planned to throw it away, it cannot be Machshir. Only liquids that are significant can be Machshir. According to Rebbi Meir, Beis Shamai and Beis Hillel agree that if a liquid fell into a utensil that was Tamei, the liquid will be Machshir, whether the owner considered it significant or not. According to Rebbi Yosi, this is only the ruling of Beis Shamai.

9) [line 30] KUPOS MEZUFAFOS - baskets coated with pitch
10) [line 31] HA'NOSHCHOS - [clusters of grapes] that are intertwined
11) [line 35] MEZALEF - he sprinkles [juice from the grapes]

12) [line 1] TAVI RISHBA - Tavi the trapper

13) [line 1] GIDULEI TERUMAH, TERUMAH
After a person separates Terumah from his crops, he must give it to a Kohen. If the Terumah itself was planted, the Chachamim decreed that the resulting crop is *all* Terumah. The reason for the decree is to prevent Kohanim from holding on to their Terumah *Temei'ah* until the planting season. Even though the crop that grows is no longer Tamei, as it states in Pesachim 34a, the Chachamim feared that it would be mistakenly eaten before it is planted. A person who eats Terumah Temei'ah violates a positive commandment.

14) [line 7] HEIMUNEI MEHEMNEI - they are trusted [not to plant Terumah as an attempt to avoid the Mitzvah to give it]

15) [line 23] ZIVAH
(a) A Zav, whether he sees Zov two or three times, is an Av ha'Tum'ah. He can cause objects that are under him to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether he touches them or not. These objects are then called Mishkav and Moshav, or the *Tachton*, of a Zav. Any object (besides earthenware utensils and foods) may become a Mishkav or Moshav if it was made for lying or sitting upon. A person who is touching or carrying a Mishkav or Moshav is Metamei the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he may be touching. These items get the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah.

(b) Utensils or clothes which lie above the Zav also get the status of a Rishon l'Tum'ah, whether he touches them or not. These are called the *Elyon* of a Zav.

(c) The Chachamim decreed that non-Jewish boys have the status of a Zav even if they never had a discharge of Zov. The decree was instituted so that Jewish boys should stay away from them and not learn their non-Jewish ways.

16) [line 26] DEYO - cakes of dry ink
17) [line 27] SAMANIM - paints; dyes
18) [line 27] KARSHININ - (O.F. vece) vetch, the beans of a species of vine, probably the horse-bean (which is rarely used as human food)

19) [line 27] SHE'YISHORU - that they will be soaked/dissolved
20) [line 29] UNIN - (O.F. ristes) bundles of combed flax
21) [line 30] SHE'YAHAVILU - they should become hot
22) [line 30] YOREH - a vat
23) [line 31] SHE'YIKLOT HA'AYIN - that it should absorb the color
24) [line 32] METZUDOS - traps
25) [line 34] V'EIN TO'ANIN IMO - it is forbidden to load a donkey with him
26) [line 34] SHE'YAGI'A L'MAKOM KAROV - that is, unless his destination is close enough that he will be able to arrive there before Shabbos

27) [line 35] ABDAN - a tanner, one who prepares leather
28) [last line] IM HA'SHEMESH - as long as the sun is still shining and has not set

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