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***************GIRSA SECTION********************
We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach, Rav B. Rensburg and the parenthetical marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is devoted to any *OTHER* changes that we feel ought to be made in Gemara, Rashi or Tosfos.)

[1] Rashi 6b DH Aval Lizrok:
The words "*sheha'Zorek* me'Reshus ha'Rabim"
should be "*ha'Zorek* me'Reshus ha'Rabim"

[2] Gilyon ha'Shas 6b [third entry]:
The words "Ayein Eruvin Amud Alef"
should be "Ayein Eruvin *Daf 6* Amud Alef"
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1) [line 11] TZIDEI RESHUS HA'RABIM - an area at the side of Reshus ha'Rabim which is used by the public only when the Reshus ha'Rabim is congested

2) [line 19] CHIFUFEI - "rubbing pegs", pegs stuck into the ground as a barrier so that the people and wagons will not rub against the walls at the side of Reshus ha'Rabim

3) [line 25] ARBA RESHUYOS L'SHABBOS - See Charts #1,2
4) [line 29] SERATYA - a wide street
5) [line 29] PELATYA - a wide, open plaza in a city where people gather for business
6) [line 30] MAVO'OS HA'MEFULASHIN - alleyways which are open on both ends to Reshus ha'Rabim
7) [line 33] B'MEZID, ANOSH KARES V'NISKAL - If a person had full intent to do a Melachah, he may be liable to Kares (his life is cut short and/or his children will die out) or Sekilah (Halachic stoning). Kares applies if he was not warned, and two witnesses did not see the act. Sekilah applies if he did the Melachah after receiving a proper warning not to do it, and two witnesses saw him do it.

8) [line 34] BIK'AH - (O.F. chanpagne) a plain [of open fields]
9) [line 34] ISTEVANIS - a raised platform in front of the stores on which the shopkeepers sit

10) [line 35] EIN NOS'IN V'NOSNIN - one may not carry [objects in them for more than four Amos]

11) [line 40] IRVU
(a) According to Torah law, in a courtyard which has in it houses owned by different people, all of the neighbors may transfer objects from their houses to the courtyard and into other houses on Shabbos. Even though each house is a separate Reshus ha'Yachid, it is permissible to move objects from one Reshus ha'Yachid to another. Such is also the case when several *courtyards* open on a dead-end alley, and when a city is completely walled. (RAMBAM Hilchos Eruvin 1:1)

(b) King Shlomo decreed that transferring objects from one Reshus ha'Yachid to another is forbidden, unless an Eruv Chatzeiros (lit. a mixing of the courtyards) is created on Friday, before Shabbos begins. (Shabbos 14b, Eruvin 21b). (The equivalent of an Eruv Chatzeiros for an alley or a city is called a Shituf Mava'os.) This is accomplished by all of the neighbors collectively setting aside a loaf of bread, in one common container, in one of the houses of the courtyard, or one of the courtyards of the alleyway. This shows that all neighbors have an equal share in all of the Reshuyos ha'Yachid, just as they all have a share in that bread. They can be considered one Reshus again. (In the case of an alley or city, any food is permissible to use as an Eruv, except for water, salt and mushrooms.) (RAMBAM ibid. 1:4-9)

12) [line 1] LECHI
(a) A Lechi is a pole or plank that is at least ten Tefachim high. It is placed at the entrance to a Mavoy (alley), to serve as a Mechitzah (a fourth wall) or as a Heker (reminder) to the people who live in the Mavoy so that they do not transfer objects from the Mavoy to the adjacent Reshus ha'Rabim.

(b) Chazal prohibited carrying objects within a Mavoy, even if it has three walls (and is therefore a Reshus ha'Yachid), and only the fourth side is open to Reshus ha'Rabim. Their concern was that people may mistake it for a Reshus ha'Rabim. With the Lechi, which serves to distinguish the Mavoy from Reshus ha'Rabim, in conjunction with a Shituf (see above, #11b), Chazal permit carrying within the Mavoy.

(c) In the case of two houses on either side of a Reshus ha'Rabim, Rebbi Yehudah requires two Lechayayim, which are placed vertically against the two front corners of one of the houses to signal the borders of Reshus ha'Rabim and Reshus ha'Yachid. Since he rules that only two walls are needed to constitute a Reshus ha'Yachid, the area between the two houses is equivalent to a Mavoy (it is a Reshus ha'Yachid mid'Oraisa), just like the three-walled area according to the Rabanan.

13) [line 1] KORAH
(a) Another method for the rectification of a Mavoy, besides Lechi (see above, #12), is Korah (a beam, one Tefach thick). The Korah was placed horizontally across the top of the entrance to the Mavoy.

(b) In the case of two houses on either side of a Reshus ha'Rabim, Rebbi Yehudah requires two beams, which are placed horizontally from house to house, at each end of the houses. The beams span the Reshus ha'Rabim, and signal the border of Reshus ha'Rabim and Reshus ha'Yachid

14a) [line 5] L'TALTEL - to prohibit carrying more than four Amos within this area
b) [line 5] LIZROK - to be Chayav a Chatas if someone throws an object into this area from Reshus ha'Rabim

15) [line 8] DERECH RESHUS HA'RABIM MEFASKASAN
Chazal instituted various lenient rulings in order to help the Diaspora Jews keep the Mitzvah of Aliya l'Regel (traveling to the Beis ha'Mikdash for the holidays of Pesach, Shavu'os and Sukos). One of these is called Pasei Bira'os (planks for the wells). Since a well situated in Reshus ha'Rabim which is at least four by four Tefachim and ten Tefachim deep is a Reshus ha'Yachid, travelers would not be able to draw water from the well on Shabbos if they wanted to set the water down at the edge of the well. By placing four corner pieces around the well, which are not normally acceptable as Mechitzos, the area around the well is considered a Reshus ha'Yachid. The corner pieces were placed ten Amos apart and the open space between them is considered a "doorway" in a full wall. The Mishnah (Eruvin 22a) cited by our Gemara discusses a case where the only path available on which to walk crosses the ten by ten Amah area.

16) [line 19] MEGILAS SETARIM - a scroll which contained words from the Oral Law, which were not permitted to be written, that had to be concealed. (Today the Oral Law is permitted to be written, lest we forget it.)

17) [line 20] AVOS MELACHOS
(a) There are thirty-nine Avos Melachos (categories of creative acts) that are forbidden mid'Oraisa on Shabbos. Each Av Melachah has Toldos (sub-categories) that are also forbidden mid'Oraisa. A list of the Avos Melachos is found in the Mishnah on Daf 73a.

(b) A person who transgresses one of the Avos or Toldos of Shabbos and was unaware that the act was a Melachah, *or* he was unaware that the day was Shabbos, needs to bring a Korban Chatas to atone for the sin. If he had full intent to do the Melachah, he may be liable to Kares (his life is cut short and/or his children will die out) or Sekilah (Halachic stoning). Kares applies if he was not warned, and two witnesses did not see the act. Sekilah applies if he did the Melachah after receiving a proper warning not to do it, and two witnesses saw him do it. (According to Isi ben Yehudah, transgressing a particular *one* of the thirty-nine Melachos never results in Sekilah, but it is not known which one - Gemara and Tosfos DH Ha)

18) [line 30] RESHUS HA'RABIM L'TUM'AH
Since the Halachos of Tum'as Safek (uncertain Tum'ah) are learned from the case of Sotah (see Background to Berachos 63, #6), the ruling in each case of Tum'as Safek depends upon its similarity to the case of a Sotah. One of the requisites is that the Tum'ah be in a Makom Stirah (concealed place). If an object is in Reshus ha'Rabim, which has a constant influx of people, and we are not sure if this object is Tamei mid'Oraisa, the Torah tells us to consider it Tahor. If it is in Reshus ha'Yachid, which is a Makom Stirah, the Torah tells us to consider it Tamei.

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