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1) [line 3] CHALUTZEI KASEF - with bared shoulders (they tore their clothing to the extent that their shoulders were exposed)

2) [line 5] ACHAV - Achav was the wicked king of the ten tribes of Yisrael. He alone was slain in battle as Divine retribution for his murdering Navos ha'Yizre'eli (see Background to Shabbos 149:32) and for his many other sins. The prophecy of Eliyahu that "in the place where the dogs licked the blood of Navos shall the dogs lick your blood" was fulfilled. Although he was later buried, much of his blood was indeed lapped up by dogs in the same place where Achav executed Navos (cf. Melachim I, chapters 21-22).

3) [line 9] HAVAH AZILNA BAHADEI D'REBBI YOCHANAN L'MISH'AL SHEMA'ATA - I was going along with Rav Yochanan in order to ask him questions

4) [line 11] AYIL - going
5) [line 11] V'HAVAH BA'INA MINEI MILSA - and I was asking him something
6) [line 12] LO PASHIT LAN - he did not answer us
7) [line 12] AD D'MASHI YADEI - until he washed his hands
8) [line 15] GADOL LIMUD HA'TORAH, SHEHA'LIMUD MEVI L'YDEI MA'ASEH - the learning of Torah is greater, because the learning of Torah brings one to the performance of deeds (Mitzvos)

9a) [line 16] L'MIGMAR - to learn for one's self
b) [line 16] L'AGMUREI - to teach
10) [line 18] "ASHREICHEM ZOR'EI AL KOL MAYIM, MESHALCHEI REGEL HA'SHOR VEHA'CHAMOR" - "Fortunate will you be, those who sow upon all waters, who send to roam freely the ox and the donkey." (Yeshayah 32:20)

11) [line 20] NACHALAS SHENEI SHEVATIM - the birthright of two tribes (Yissachar and Yosef)

12) [line 22] "ZIR'U LACHEM LITZ'DAKAH, KITZRU LEFI CHESED" - "Sow for yourselves for righteousness, reap according to kindness." (Hoshea 10:12)

13) [line 23] "HOY KOL TZAMEI LECHU LAMAYIM" - "Ho! Everyone who is thirsty, go to the water...." (Yeshayah 55:1)

14) [line 25] KILAH - a canopy bed. Maharsha explains that this alludes to children.

15) [line 25] "BEN PORAS YOSEF, BEN PORAS ALEI AYIN..." - "Yosef is a fruitful bough, a fruitful bough next to a well..." (Bereishis 49:22)

16) [line 27] "YISACHAR CHAMOR GAREM" - "Yisachar is a large-boned donkey" (Bereishis 49:14)

17) [line 28] "... BAHEM AMIM YENAGACH YACHDAV AFSEI ARETZ..." - "[The firstborn of his ox, grandeur is his; and his horns are like the horns of a Re'em;] with them he shall gore nations together, at the ends of the land...." (Devarim 33:17)

18) [line 30] "UMI'BENEI YISSACHAR YOD'EI VINAH LA'ITIM LA'DA'AS MAH YA'ASEH YISRAEL" - "And from the children of Yissachar, men with understanding of the times, to know what Yisrael should do." (Divrei ha'Yamim I 12:33)

19) [line 33] KEITZAD HA'REGEL MU'EDES? - on which sorts of damage is Regel responsible; how is it apt to be Mazik?

20) [line 35] MEVA'ETES - kicking
21) [line 35] TZEROROS - stones, pebbles
22) [line 36] MENATZIN - shooting out
23) [line 40] DELIL - (1) Any item that gets caught on a chicken's foot; (2) alt. DELI - a pitcher (RASHI)

24) [last line] MEHADES - dancing, jumping around

25) [line 4] HAVAH KAMEHADER LEI BI'VEDICHUSA - he answered him jokingly
26) [line 5] ANA SHANA'I CHADA, V'AT SHANI CHADA - I will answer one and you answer one (a play on words on the word "Shen")

27a) [line 7] CHAYAH - (a term usually used for wild animals) non-farm animals, e.g. deer and gazelles. No Korban is brought from a Chayah (but only from domesticated animals, such as oxen, sheep, and goats), and a Chayah may not be offered on the Mizbe'ach.
b) [line 7] BEHEMAH - farm animals; livestock, e.g. cows, sheep and goats

28) [line 8] "V'SHILACH ES BE'IRO..." - "[If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten,] and shall send in his beast, [and it shall feed in another man's field; he shall make restitution from the best of his own field and the best of his own vineyard.]" (Shemos 22:4)

29) [line 10] HAI D'ASYA LEI MI'DERASHAH CHAVIVA LEI - that which is derived through a Derashah is beloved to him (because it contains a Chidush, and thus he (Rebbi) taught it first)

30) [line 14] SHAVIK - abandon
31) [line 15] AIDI D'SALIK ME'REGEL, PASACH B'REGEL - since the end of the last Perek dealt with Regel, this Perek starts with Regel

32) [line 19] SA'ARAH - its hair
33) [line 19] UKAF - (O.F. sele) saddle
34) [line 19] SHALIF - pouch on an animal's back, saddle bag, haversack
35) [line 20] PERUMBEYA - the bit
36) [line 20] ZOG - bell
37) [line 22] TZEROROS - stones which are thrown out from the animals feet
38) [line 22] NOVER B'ASHPAH - rummaging in a dump (with its snout)
39) [line 24] HITIZ - cast, shot out
40a) [line 31] B'CHANFEIHEN - with their wings
b) [line 32] BA'RU'ACH SHEB'CHANFEIHEN - with the wind which emits from flapping their wings

41) [line 34] TINFU - made dirty
42) [line 34] NIKRU - pricked

43) [line 40] ZAV
(a) A Zav (Vayikra 15:1-15), a man who emits Zov two or three times, whether it is emitted in one day or in two or three consecutive days, is an Av ha'Tum'ah. Zov is a clear discharge with the appearance of the white of a sterile or spoiled egg, in contrast with semen, which has the consistency of fresh egg white. Zov can also be a pus-like discharge resembling the liquid from barley dough or soft barley batter. A man who emits Zov one time is Tamei like a Ba'al Keri (see Background to Nazir 47:9:b) and must immerse and wait for nightfall to become Tahor.
(b) A man who emits a discharge that may be Zov is "checked " to determine whether or not he becomes a Zav. If this discharge came about b'Ones (due to an external cause), he is Tahor. The seven ways are 1. eating too much; 2. drinking too much; 3. carrying a heavy load; 4. jumping; 5. being sick; 6. a. seeing a frightening sight (RASHI to Nazir 65b); b. seeing a woman, even without having unclean thoughts (ROSH to Nazir ibid.); 7. having unclean thoughts.
(c) A Zav must count seven "clean" days (Shiv'ah Nekiyim) in which he sees no Zov in order to start his purification process, as it states in Vayikra 15:13. On the seventh day or afterwards, he must immerse in a spring during the day. At nightfall he becomes Tahor, if he did not emit Zov again beforehand (ibid.).
(d) A Zav can cause objects that are *under* him to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether he touches them or not. The objects become Tamei Midras (lit. an object that is treaded upon), otherwise known as Mishkav or Moshav ha'Zav. (or the *Tachton* of a Zav.). An object (other than Klei Cheres - earthenware objects) that is under him becomes a Midras only if it was made for lying, sitting, or leaning upon.
(e) A person who *touches* (Maga) or *carries* (Masa) either a Midras or a Zav or Zavah themselves gets the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah, and so do the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he is touching at the time.
(f) Utensils or clothes that lie *above* the Zav or Zavah also get the status of a Rishon l'Tum'ah, whether he touches them or not. These are called the *Elyon* of a Zav or Zavah.
(g) A Zav or Zavah also cause Tum'ah through Heset, when they move (or outweigh on a balance scale) a person or object that is Tahor. In all other types of Tum'ah besides Zav, Zavah, Nidah and Yoledes, the Tamei who moves a person or object that is Tahor does *not* Metamei the person or object. Only Zav, etc. can Metamei people or objects in this way.

44) [line 42] AGALAH MOSHECHES B'KARON - a calf pulling a wagon
45) [line 46] TARNEGOLIM SHE'HAYU MECHATETIN B'CHEVEL DELI - chickens that were pecking on a rope which held a bucket

46a) [line 48] BASAR ME'IKARA - the damage is considered done at the time the act which will bring the eventual damage is done, even though the damage has not yet taken place
b) [line 49] BASAR TEVAR MANA - the damage is only considered done when the object actually breaks

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