POINT BY POINT SUMMARY
by Rabbi Ephraim Becker Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Yerushalayim Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Beitzah 28
BEITZAH 26, 27, 28, 29 - dedicated by Yitzchak Gross of Brooklyn, NY, l'Iluy Nishmas his father, Menashe Yehudah ben
Matisyahu, and his mother, Dina bas Yisroel.
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1) MISHNAH: THE PROHIBITION OF USING A SCALE
(a) (R. Yehudah) One may weigh meat against a vessel whose
weight he knows.
(b) (Chachamim) One may not pay any attention to a scale at
all.
2) VARIOUS HALACHOS REGARDING SELLING MEAT
(a) Question: What is intended by "at all?"
(b) Answer (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel): One may not use the
scale even if only to guard food from mice.
(c) (R. Idi b. Avin) The prohibition only applies if the
scale is hanging on a peg used for weighing.
(d) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) An experienced butcher may
not weigh a piece of meat against a weight in his other
hand nor may he use water displacement.
(e) (R. Chiya b. Ashi) One may not fashion a handle in a
piece of meat (while Ravina permits a handle which is
poked with his finger, not formed with a knife).
(f) (R. Huna) One may make a marking in the meat (as Raba
b.R. Huna did) to ensure that the meat is not switched.
3) MANEH K'NEGED MANEH
(a) R. Chiya and R. Shimon b. Rebbi would divide meat
between them by weighing a Manah against a Manah (on
the scales).
(b) Question: But this does not fit with the view of either
R. Yehudah (who only permits weighing against a known
utensil) nor the Rabanan (who forbid using scales
altogether)!?
(c) Answer: They followed the view of R. Yehoshua (who
permits weighing a Manah against a Manah).
(d) (R. Yosef) The Halachah follows R. Yehoshua since a
Stam Mishnah in Bechoros rules like him.
1. (Mishnah in Bechoros) The proceeds of Pesulei
HaMukdashin go to Hekdesh.
2. One may weigh a Manah against a Manah when selling
a Bechor.
(e) Question (Abaye): Perhaps the Mishnah in Bechoros and
R. Yehoshua do not hold of one another!?
1. R. Yehoshua's Heter of weighing a Manah against a
Manah on YomTov might not apply to Kodoshim where
we must contend with the denigration of Kodoshim.
2. The Chachamim's Heter by Bechor may be restricted
to a sale (which is not normally done with Maneh
k'neged Maneh) but would not apply to a division
between partners (which is).
(f) Question: It is odd that R. Chiya and R. Shimon were
making an accurate division altogether, given that they
were not in the least fussy if one received more than
the other!?
(g) Answer (R. Papa): The incident should be reported by
changing one of the names of the pair (as suggested).
4) MISHNAH: KNIVES ON YOMTOV
(a) One may not use a grindstone to sharpen a knife on
YomTov.
(b) One may rub one knife against another.
5) THE RESTRICTED GRINDSTONE
(a) (R. Huna) A grindstone is prohibited but a wooden
grinder is permitted.
(b) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) [First Lashon, qualifying
the first part of R. Huna's statement] One may even
sharpen the knife provided one uses a wooden sharpener
while a grindstone is permitted only in order to remove
the fat from the knife.
(c) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) [Second Lashon, applying to
the end of R. Huna's words] A wooden grinder will be
permitted only to remove the fat and a stone would be
entirely prohibited.
(d) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) [Third Lashon, applying to
the Reisha of our Mishnah] The Heter in the Seifa of
rubbing one knife against another, even extends to
sharpening it.
(e) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) [Fourth Lashon, applying to
the Seifa of our Mishnah] One knife may be rubbed
against another to remove the fat, but one may not
sharpen a knife, even with a wooden grinder.
6) THE TANA OF OUR MISHNAH
(a) Question: Who is the Tana of our Mishnah (who forbids
the use of a grindstone)?
(b) Answer (R. Chisda): It is not R. Yehudah (who permits
whatever is needed for YomTov).
(c) Question (Rava of R. Chisda): May you be quoted as
saying that the Halachah follows R. Yehudah?
(d) Answer (R. Chisda): May I only be cited as saying such
nice things.
(e) (R. Nechemyah b.R. Yosef) Rava conducted himself like
R. Yehudah, but did not rule so publicly.
28b---------------------------------------28b
(f) Abaye reported the same from his Rebbi.
7) SHOWING ONE'S KNIFE TO A CHACHAM ON YOMTOV
(a) Question: May one have his knife inspected on YomTov?
(b) Answer (R. Mari b.R. Bizna): It is permitted.
(c) Answer (Rabanan): It is prohibited.
(d) (R. Yosef) A Chacham may examine his own knife and lend
it to the Shochet.
(e) (R. Yosef) A dulled knife may be sharpened on YomTov,
provided that it still cuts (but with difficulty).
8) THE MACHLOKES RABANAN AND R. YEHUDAH
(a) (R. Chisda or R. Yosef) The dented knife, the broken
spit and the plaster-filled oven are affected by the
Machlokes R. Yehudah (who permits even Machshirin) and
Rabanan (who do not).
(b) Each (R. Yehudah and Rabanan) derives his Halachah from
words in the Pasuk, and learns other Halachos from the
sources mentioned by the other.
9) A SPIT-ROD
(a) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) A bent (but unbroken) spit
may not be straightened on YomTov.
1. Question: Is that not obvious?
2. Answer: We might have permitted it when he does
not need an implement to straighten it.
(b) (R. Yehudah citing Shmuel) A spit is Muktzah after
being used for roasting.
1. (R. Ada b. Ahavah citing R. Malkiyo) One is
permitted to quickly drag it into a corner,
without actually holding it properly.
2. (R. Chiya b. Ashi citing R. Huna) That is only
permitted if a keZayis of meat remains on it.
3. (Ravina) Even if a keZayis does not remain (it may
be removed like a dangerous thorn in the street,
which one may remove to protect people).
10) CLARIFYING THE AUTHORSHIP OF R. MALKIYO AND R. MALKIYA
(a) (R. Chinena b.R. Ika) The author of Shfod, Shefachos
and Gumos is R. Malkiyo while Beluris, Eifer Makleh and
Gevinah was taught by R. Malkiya.
(b) (R. Papa) Whatever deals with a Mishnah or Beraisa, is
R. Malkiya, whatever is a Machlokes Amoraim, is R.
Malkiyo (and a Siman is given to recall this).
(c) The difference between them is Shefachos, which is a
Mishnah.
11) MISHNAH: PURCHASING MEAT ON YOMTOV
(a) One may not mention a monetary amount when requesting
meat from the Shochet.
(b) Rather, people simply divide it into portions.
12) TAKING A NON-STANDARD PORTION OF MEAT
(a) Question: How would one be able to purchase a non-
standard amount of meat?
(b) Answer: They would refer to the number of standard cuts
of meat they wished (depending on the local custom).
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