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*1*) [line 1] V'AMRI LAH MIPNEI SHE'TZARICH L'CHASMAN - according to most Rishonim, l'Chasman, as well as l'Vadkan, is also referring to *new* tiles. The RIF and the RAMBAM, however, explain that this opinion argues with Rebbi Yochanan and rules that it is forbidden to heat even *old* tiles on Yom Tov (MAGID MISHNAH Hilchos Yom Tov 3:11; see BEIS YOSEF to the TUR OC 508)

2) [line 2] L'CHASMAN - to strengthen them
3a) [line 2] DARSAH - [if a person] stepped on it (a bird)
b) [line 2] TARFAH B'KOSEL - [threw it and] slammed it into a wall
4) [line 3] RETZETZATAH BEHEMAH - an animal smashed it
5) [line 3] MEFARKESES - it is making jerking motions
6) [line 7] MECHAZKINAN REI'USA - do we consider the injury that the bird suffered a sufficient reason not to slaughter it on Yom Tov, for fear that it is a Tereifah

7) [line 14] SHOFES ES HA'KEDEIRAH - places the pot over the fire
8) [line 16] MEGIS - stirs (O.F. conmovre - to stir, usually with a spoon)
9) [line 22] LIBUN RE'AFIM - [because of the Rabbinic decree prohibiting] heating tiles
10) [line 24] EIN TASHIN OSAN B'MATLIS - it is forbidden to rub or polish them with a cloth

11) [line 25] MEFIGIN OSAN - cool them
12) [line 27] EIN MOLGIN - it is forbidden to remove the hair with scalding water
13) [line 27] MEHAVHEVIN - singe
14) [line 28] EIN TOFLIN OSAN - it is forbidden to paste on them
15a) [line 29] CHARSIS - ground pieces of pottery
b) [line 28] SID - lime; plaster
16) [line 30] B'TISPORES SHELO - (lit. with its haircut) in the normal way that the withered leaves and stems are trimmed after the vegetable is picked

17) [line 31] KUNDAS - artichokes
18) [line 31] AKAVIYOS - a species of edible thistles, cardoon
19) [line 32] PURNI - a large oven (furnace) that opens from the side
20) [line 32] ANTICHI - there is an argument between two Amora'im as to what this is (Shabbos 41a): (a) an earthenware stove that has two sections, one for water and one for coals (b) a copper caldron with two bottoms, that holds coals between the two bottoms

21) [line 33] SHEMA TIPACHES - lest the roof cave in (a) causing the Melachah that he performed on Yom Tov to be in vain (RASHI); (b) ruining his bread, causing him to refrain from rejoicing on Yom Tov (RAMBAM Hilchos Yom Tov 3:10, SHULCHAN ARUCH 507:1)

22) [line 34] EIN NOFCHIN B'MAPO'ACH - it is forbidden to fan a fire with a bellows
23) [line 34] NOFCHIN B'SHEFOFERES - [the fire may be fanned by] blowing through a tube
24) [line 36] EIN MEFATZ'IN ES HA'KANEH - it is forbidden to split a reed (a) in order to place the pieces under a fish on top of a grill so that it should not burn (RASHI); (b) to create a spit to hold fish (RAMBAM Hilchos Yom Tov 4:8)

25) [line 37] MATLIS - a cloth
26) [last line] HA'MUKTZAH - fruits or foods that were set aside not to be eaten for a long time, such as grapes and figs that are being dried. The Mishnah is referring to a stage where they began to become fit to be eaten, but were not yet fully ready to be eaten, e.g. raisins that have not yet completely dried

*27*) [line 1] V'OMER MI'KAN ANI OCHEL - that is, that I am preparing some of this fruit to be eaten tomorrow, but I will only choose which specific fruit tomorrow, relying on Bereirah (see Background to Beitzah 10:10) to make the fruit Muchan
28) [line 2] SHE'YIRSHOM - he marks the dried fruits that he wants to eat
29) [line 4] SHE'TAMNU - who buried (for storage purposes)
30) [line 7] LIKTZOS - to dry them

31) [line 9] SHE'TIKBA MUKTZEH L'MA'ASER (KOVE'A L'MA'ASER)
(a) Every fruit (or other produce) that must be tithed may not be eaten b'Achilas Keva (as a normal meal) before its Terumos and Ma'asros have been removed or designated. It may, however, be eaten b'Achilas Ara'i (as a "snack," not as a meal) until it becomes "Hukba l'Ma'aser" (designated for tithing) through an action that demonstrates the final preparation of the fruit for eating. After it is Hukba l'Ma'aser, it is forbidden to eat even b'Achilas Ara'i before the tithes are separated.
(b) Seven actions can designate fruits as Hukba l'Ma'aser:

1. Pickling the fruit
2. Dipping the fruit in salt
3. Starting to prepare the fruit to be eaten through heating (cooking, roasting, etc.)
4. Designating the fruit to be eaten on Shabbos
5. Separating Terumah from the fruit
6. Bringing the fruit into the owner's yard
7. Bringing the fruit to the market for sale

32) [line 19] LIMUD ARUCH - a clearly set-out teaching

33) [line 29] TEVEL
(a) After a crop is harvested and brought to the owner's house or yard, the produce is called Tevel until he separates Terumos and Ma'asros from it. He first must separate Terumah from the crop, which he gives to a Kohen. Although the Torah does not specify the amount to be given, the Rabanan set the requirement at approximately one fiftieth.
(b) After Terumah is removed from the produce, one tenth of the produce that remains must be designated "Ma'aser Rishon," and given to a Levi. The Levi, in turn, must separate one tenth of his Ma'aser Rishon as Terumas Ma'aser, which is also given to a Kohen.
(c) The produce may not be eaten until both Terumos have been removed. The punishment for eating Tevel is Misah b'Ydei Shamayim.
(e) A second tithe is separated from the remaining produce every year after Ma'aser Rishon has been separated. The tithe that is separated in the third and sixth years of the 7-year Shemitah cycle is called Ma'aser Ani and is given to the poor. The tithe that is separated during the first, second, fourth and fifth years is called *Ma'aser Sheni*.
(f) The Torah requires that Ma'aser Sheni be brought and eaten by its owner in Yerushalayim. Alternatively, Ma'aser Sheni produce may be redeemed, in which case the money used to redeem it retains Kedushas Ma'aser Sheni and is brought to Yerushalayim. If the owner himself redeems the produce, he must add an additional fifth of its value (that is, a fifth of the ensuing total, or a *quarter* of the original value). In Yerushalayim, the money is used to purchase food items. The food that is bought with this money in Yerushalayim becomes Kodesh with Kedushas Ma'aser Sheni and must be eaten b'Taharah.

34) [line 29] TEVEL, MUCHAN HU ETZEL SHABBOS - Tevel is not Muktzah Machmas Gufo (i.e. in and of itself.) It is Muktzah Machmas Isur, since the Chachamim prohibited tithing on Shabbos. If a person violates the Isur and separates the Terumos and Ma'asros, the produce is no longer Muktzah Machmas Isur and may be eaten on Shabbos.

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