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1) RAVINA AND RUNYA

(a) Ravina surrounded Runya on all four sides and asked for compensation; Runya refused to share even the cost of a reed fence or the savings of not having to guard his field. One day Runya fenced his date trees; Ravina asked his sharecropper to bring some of Runya's dates. Runya screamed.

1. Ravina: You show that you want your trees guarded, without a wall even goats could take the fruit!
2. Runya: It suffices to scream at goats to stop them from eating.
3. Ravina: You would have to hire a guard to scream at them!
4. Rava (to Runya): Give Ravina enough to satisfy him - if not, I will make you pay according to Rav Huna according to R. Yosi.

(b) Version #1 (Rashi): Runya bought a field bordering on Ravina's property; Ravina thought that he has first rights to buy it, because of the law of Bar Metzra.
(c) (Rav Safra): The law of Bar Metzra is on account of "V'Asisa ha'Yashar v'Hatov b'Einei Hash-m" - Runya is poor, it is proper to let him buy it.
(d) Version #2 (R. Tam): Runya bought a field bordering on his field; it also bordered on three of Ravina's fields, which made Ravina think that he has precedence to buy it.
(e) (Rav Safra): It is just as advantageous for Runya to buy it as for you, therefore he keeps it.
(f) Version #3 (R. Avraham): Runya was Ravina's sharecropper; he bought a field bordering on Ravina's property. Ravina thought that he has first rights to buy it, because of the law of Bar Metzra.
(g) (Rav Safra): Because he works your field, he is like one who borders on the property, he keeps what he bought.

(a) (Mishnah): If the wall of a Chatzer fell, they must rebuild it to four Amos.

1. We assume that both paid unless one can prove that the other did not.

(b) If the wall was originally more than four Amos, neither can force the other to rebuild it more than four Amos;

1. If Reuven built it more than four, and Shimon built a wall near it (fitting to put a ceiling resting on the two walls), even though he did not yet make the ceiling, Shimon must share the entire cost of the wall;
2. We assume that Shimon did not pay for it unless he can prove that he did.

(c) (Gemara - Reish Lakish): If Levi fixed a time to pay his debt to Yehudah, and claims that he paid within the time, he is not believed;

1. We are happy if people pay on time, we do not believe that he paid early!

(d) (Abaye and Rava): He is believed - sometimes a person gets the money and is eager to pay lest he lose the opportunity.

(e) (Mishnah): We assume that both sides paid for the wall unless one can prove that the other did not.
(f) Question: What is the case?

1. If he says that he paid in the proper time - obviously, we assume that he did!

(g) Answer: Rather, he says that he paid before he had to.

1. This teaches that a person does pay before the proper time!

(h) Rejection: This case is different, because he cannot wait to pay - the payment is due for each row of bricks as it is built!
(i) (Mishnah): We assume that Shimon did not pay for it unless he can prove that he did.
(j) Question: What is the case?

1. If he says that he paid in the proper time - he should be believed!

(k) Answer: Rather, he says that he paid before he had to.

1. This teaches that a person does not pay before the proper time!

(l) Rejection: This case is different, because he does not think that he must pay, therefore he would not pay early.
(m) Rav Papa and Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua ruled in cases according to Abaye and Rava;
(n) Mar bar Rav Ashi ruled according to Reish Lakish.

1. The Halachah follows Reish Lakish;
2. We even apply the Chazakah against orphans (if a man died before the time to pay his debt, the lender collects from the orphans without swearing).

i. Normally, one does not collect from orphans without swearing - this is an exception, for Chazakah says that a man does not pay before the time.