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1) BOTTLES OF NOCHRIM

(a) Summation of question: Regarding Nochri Kunya vessels, Mereimar permitted them all; regarding Chametz, he forbade them all!
(b) Answer #1: He is stringent regarding Chametz, for this is a mid'Oraisa prohibition, but Yayin Nesech is mid'Rabanan.
(c) Rejection: We make Rabbinical decrees like the mid'Oraisa law!
(d) Answer #2: The vessels absorb Chametz when hot, wine is only used cold.
(e) Question #1 (to R. Akiva; Rashi - to Mar Ukva): May one accept a fast for part of a day (Rashi - if he did not eat in the morning, may he vow not to eat the rest of the day)?
(f) Question #2: Are bottles of Nochrim permitted?
(g) Question #3: What garments did Moshe wear during the seven days in which he set up and served in the Mishkan?
(h) He could not answer any of these.
(i) Answers (Rabanan of the Beis Medrash): One may accept a fast for part of a day; if he finishes, (this is considered a fast and) he can say the prayer 'Aneinu (answer us on this fast day)';

1. Bottles of Nochrim are permitted after 12 months (Rashi - to use them before this, he must Kasher them by putting in water for three days);
2. The seven days Moshe served, he wore a white garment;

i. (Rav Kahana): The garment had no cuff (to show that it is a new garment, or that it was not meant to be permanent).

(a) (Mishnah): Grape pits and skins of Nochrim...
(b) (Beraisa): Wet grape pits and skins of Nochrim are forbidden, dry ones are permitted.
(c) Question: What is considered wet and dry?
(d) Answer (Rav Yehudah): There are considered wet for 12 months, and dry after this.
(e) (Rabah bar Rav Huna): When they are forbidden, it is forbidden even to benefit from them; when they are permitted, it is permitted even to eat them.
(f) (Rav Zvid): (R. Tam - Temed made from) dregs of wine of Nochrim are permitted after 12 months.
(g) (Rav Chaviva brei d'Rava): Empty vessels of Nochrim are permitted after 12 months.
(h) (Rav Chaviva): A thick leather pouch of Nochrim (Rashi; Aruch - a food made with flour, spices, milk and wine) is permitted after 12 months.

(i) (Rav Acha brei d'Rav Ika): Grape pits of Nochrim are permitted after 12 months.
(j) (Rav Acha brei d'Rava): White or black vessels of Nochrim are permitted after 12 months.

(a) (Mishnah): And Muryas (fish oil).
(b) (Beraisa): Muryas of a (Nochri) vendor is permitted;
(c) R. Yehudah ben Gamliel says, even Chilak (Tahor fish that did not yet grow their fins and scales) of a (Nochri) vendor is permitted.
(d) (Avimi brei d'R. Avahu): Muryas of a vendor is permitted - this refers to the first two times they extract it from the fish, but the third time is forbidden.
(e) Question: What is the reason?
(f) Answer: The first two times it is strong, it does not need wine (Rashi - wine will ruin it); the third time (Tosfos ha'Rosh - it is weak) he adds wine (Rashi - in a place where wine is cheaper than Muryas).
(g) A boat loaded with Muryas entered the port of Ako; R. Aba of Ako set a Yisrael to guard it.

1. Rava: What does this help? It was not guarded until now!
2. R. Aba: Until now, there was no concern:

i. He would not mix in wine - wine was four times as expensive (in the place it came from; only here, wine is cheaper).

3. R. Yirmeyah: The boat passed near Tzur (where wine is cheap)!
4. R. Zeira: It is too hard to dock in Tzur, the sea bends there and melting snow raises the water level.

(a) (Mishnah): Cheese of Beis Unaiki.
(b) (Reish Lakish): Cheese of Beis Unaiki is forbidden because most calves there are slaughtered for idolatry (perhaps the stomach of one of them was used to curdle the milk).
(c) Question: Even if the minority of calves there are slaughtered for idolatry, R. Meir would forbid, he is concerned for a minority!
(d) Answer: If you say that most calves are slaughtered for idolatry, R. Meir is concerned for the minority (calves are a minority of animals);

1. But if you say that a minority of calves are slaughtered for idolatry, since calves are a minority of animals, a minority of a minority were slaughtered to idolatry, R. Meir is not concerned for this.

(e) Question (R. Shimon bar Elyakim): Even if it was slaughtered for (the sake of offering to) idolatry, you yourself permit it!

1. (R. Yochanan): If a person slaughtered an animal in order to pour the blood or burn the Chelev to idolatry, the animal is forbidden;

i. He holds that since he later intends to serve idolatry with this animal (by pouring or burning), we consider the requisite acts of service (slaughter) to also be for the sake of idolatry;
ii. We learn from Avodah in the Mikdash (if an Avodah was done with intent to do a later Avodah after the allotted time, this disqualifies the sacrifice (Pigul), it is as if the first Avodah was done improperly).

2. (Reish Lakish): The animal is permitted;

i. (We do not consider the requisite acts of service to also be for the sake of idolatry, because we do not learn laws of idolatry from Avodah in the Mikdash.)

(f) Answer (Reish Lakish): The case is, the slaughterer said in his heart 'I intend to serve idolatry by finishing the slaughter'.

(a) (Mishnah - R. Yehudah): R. Yishmael asked...
(b) (Rav Achdevoy): If a man Kidesh a woman with Peresh (intestinal fluids) of a Shor ha'Niskal (an ox sentenced to be stoned), she is Mekudeshes; if he was Mekadesh with Peresh of a calf offered to idolatry, she is not Mekudeshes.
(c) We can learn from reasoning or verses.

1. Reasoning - those who offer calves to idolatry prefer a fatter sacrifice, it is important, therefore it is forbidden like the calf;

i. Regarding a Shor ha'Niskal, there is no value to the Peresh, it is not forbidden with the ox.

2. From verses - regarding idolatry, it says "V'Lo Yidbak b'Yadcha Me'umah Min ha'Cherem" (even the Peresh);

i. Regarding Shor ha'Niskal, it says "V'Lo Ye'achel Es Besaro" - the meat is forbidden, not the Peresh.