Hashem took Man and placed him in the Garden of Eden, to work it and to guard it. (Bereishis 2:15)

Perhaps you will inquire, "Was there work to do in Gan Eden to cultivate the ground? But didn't all the trees grow by themselves?" Or perhaps you will ask, "Did he have to water the garden? But wasn't there a river going out from Eden that watered it? If so, what is the meaning of 'to work it and to guard it'?" [The answer to these questions is that this verse doesn't refer to physical maintenance;] rather, it means to work the garden through studying Torah, and to guard it by refraining from forbidden activities. (Pirkei d'Rabbi Eliezer, ch. 11)

Man has been put into a fierce battle. Everything in the world, whether good or bad, is a test. (Mesillas Yesharim, ch. 1)

In his work Sefer Ha-Yashar (ch. 6), Rabbeinu Tam characterizes this world as nothing more than a path strewn with obstacles. Our job is to traverse this path and overcome the problems we encounter along the way. In order to do this successfully, one must prepare for any difficulties that might confront him. Only then will he succeed in his purpose. One who expects to be comfortable and secure in this world is destined to be rudely disappointed. When beset by troubles, he will become upset and disoriented, and perhaps even devastated over his "unfair" lot. Our covenant with God obligates us to never lose our faith, no matter how bleak things may seem.

There are uncountable things which can interfere with a person's service to God. Some are apparent successes, such as promotion to a position of great responsibility, or sudden acquisition of wealth. Conversely, one may suffer reverses, such as a sudden loss of one's fortune, or being taken captive or made to suffer exile, falling ill, or losing a loved one. Events such as these can easily disturb one's peace of mind and cause him to forget his job in this world. It is therefore crucial to remember that these times are tests of one's conviction. If a person's faith is strong, nothing will divert him from his purpose, just as the fiercest wind cannot uproot a mountain. If a person has a firm mind and a solid basic faith, he will not waver in the face of anything that happens to him.

A person has to be aware that these critical junctures will inevitably arise, and he must be especially careful when they occur. He must gird himself with courage to accept anything that might take place, and prepare himself while things are still tranquil. He must expect that something might occur at literally any moment of his life, and say to himself, "If a trial doesn't come today, it will come tomorrow, and if not tomorrow, then surely the next day." By readying himself in this fashion, he won't be disturbed nor forget his purpose in this world when finally something does happen, for he has been prepared to accept everything all along.

This is the practice of the tzaddik. He understands that this world is merely a road of troubles, and by anticipating them, he gains control over them, and they lose their power to disturb and frighten him when they appear.

On the other hand, one who ignores this reality or is unaware of it will quickly become disillusioned and overwhelmed by life's "unfairness." Blithely going through existence thinking that trouble will never befall him, he expects his serenity to last forever. Ultimately, however, misfortune will materialize and dash this unrealistic expectation. In his dismay, he will lose his bearings and his faith, and he will sink into a life without purpose or meaning. Therefore, it is incumbent upon an intelligent person to guard himself constantly, and to consider the transience of his well-being in this world. By knowing that troubles are bound to come, he will succeed in his purpose.

Wild Yossele

Translated from She'al Avicha v'Yagedcha, by R. Shalom Schwadron, vol. 1, p. 187.

Yossele was famous - or rather infamous - in his hometown of Slutzk. He was a child prodigy, blessed with a brilliant mind. But this very gift caused Yossele to be wild and uncontrollable, for he couldn't concentrate on anything for more than a short time without getting bored. As a result, he found it impossible to study for an entire day in the cheder with the other children. Instead, he spent his time playing with the pigeons that fluttered around the rooftops and with the stray dogs that roamed the streets. Another activity that he occasionally indulged in was going down to the river for a swim with his Gentile friends.

One day when Yossele was twelve years old, he was running past one of the houses in the town when he heard a loud cry. His curiosity piqued, the boy shinnied up a tree near the house and peeked inside to see what was going on. There he saw a father beating his disobedient son, shouting at him, "What do you think, that I'll let you grow up to be a wild animal like Yossele? I'd rather see you dead first! I won't allow it. You won't grow up like that!"

Yossele was shocked to the core at these words. "What?! Is this what's become of me? Have I sunk so low that if a boy becomes rebellious they say he's going to grow up like me? I'd better change my attitude and my behavior. I can't go on like this."

Yossele had a few coins in his pocket. He went and bought some cookies, gathered all his dogs together, and gave each of them a final treat. Addressing them gravely, he said, "It's been wonderful playing with all of you. But now I've got to go. We can't be friends any longer."

Then Yossele went home and announced to his father, "Tatti, I've decided to go and learn in a yeshivah."

His father was thunderstruck. He knew Yossele like the back of his hand, and thought to himself, "What kind of scheme does he have up his sleeve this time? Who knows what he's planning to do!" With these thoughts in mind, Yossele's father firmly rebuffed him. "Don't play games with me. Go back to your pigeons and dogs and leave me alone!"

However, Yossele was determined, and he wasn't about to give in. "No, Tatti. I really mean it. I want to go to yeshivah, and if you won't let me, I'll go without your consent."

Now it was his father who had something to ponder. He knew that if Yossele said he was going to go on his own, then go he would. He did not know what to think. Finally, he looked deeply into his son's eyes, and said to himself, "I actually think the boy's serious this time." After a moment he asked Yossele, "And which yeshivah do you plan to go to?"

Yossele answered without hesitation, "Volozhin."

Unable to restrain himself, his father burst out laughing. "Volozhin! You've never learned a day in your life. In order to get into Volozhin you have to know five hundred pages of Gemara backwards and forwards. You don't even know one page!"

"I don't care, Tatti," Yossele answered with determination, "I want to go to Volozhin and start to learn, and if you won't let me, I'll go on my own."

His father saw that he was fighting a losing battle and that he couldn't talk his son out of this "lunacy." The boy's mind was made up, and that was that. So he reluctantly agreed, and gave Yossele a small sum of money, packed a few of his belongings, and sent him on his journey.

In high spirits, Yossele left Slutzk and made his way to the famed Yeshivah of Volozhin. He walked part of the way, and hitched a wagon-ride for the rest of the trip. After three days of traveling, he reached his destination. Immediately, he made his way to the yeshivah, where he entered the large courtyard and asked some of the students where the Rosh Yeshivah's office was. They all stared at him. Who was this young kid who walked in with such determination and asked to see the Rosh Yeshivah? Swallowing their curiosity, they pointed out the office to him.

Without another word, Yossele went to the door and knocked. Hearing a muffled voice call out, "Come in," he opened the door and went inside.

"Shalom aleichem," he greeted the Rosh Yeshivah.

"Aleichem shalom, my son," answered R. Chaim kindly. "What can I do for you?"

"I want to learn in the yeshivah."

R. Chaim was used to young geniuses knocking on the yeshivah's door, and so his next question was, "And what do you know, my son?"

"I don't know anything," Yossele answered. "But I want to learn."

R. Chaim directed a piercing gaze at the young boy. With the intuition that sprung from his spiritual greatness, he immediately realized that a great future lay before the boy. He gave Yossele a pat on the cheek and said, "If you want to learn, then you'll be able to. Come, let's get you set up in the yeshivah."

Yossele didn't delay for even a second. He headed straight for the beis midrash and sat down to study. R. Chaim arranged tutors for him in every subject: Chumash, Mishnah, and Gemara. With a voracious hunger, Yossele threw himself into his studies, analyzing and examining everything presented to him. Moreover, he attacked his lessons with a prodigious perseverance. After a mere three months he was able to join the yeshivah's regular program.

Two years of uninterrupted studies went by. Indeed, Yossele didn't even go home for his Bar Mitzvah, celebrating it in the yeshivah instead. By the time he was 14, he was deeply proficient in every area of Torah study. He continued his studies with fiery diligence. He learned the entire Gemara with Rashi and Tosfos. He even joined the "Eighteen Club." This was a well-known group of dedicated students who learned 18 hours a day. Yossele thus gained a distinguished nickname for himself: Yossele, der ochtzener ("the eighteener").

Several more years passed, and Yossele was already renowned in the yeshivah as a profound scholar. Then, one day, he received a letter from his mother bearing disastrous news. His father was a tailor, and he had a small business located in a long row of shops in the city of Slutzk. It seemed that a fire had broken out and had burned all these shops to the ground, his father's included. The merciless fire had spared nothing. His mother pleaded with him to come home: "You're already a young man, and you've learned a lot of Torah. Now your family needs you. Please, come home and help your father rebuild his livelihood."

Yossele's mind was spinning after he read the calamitous news. His mother's despairing appeal pierced him to the depths of his heart. On the other hand, the progress he had made in his Torah studies was phenomenal. How could he simply close his Gemara and return home? With his heart in turmoil, he decided to consult with R. Chaim. He showed the Rosh Yeshivah his mother's letter and asked what he should do.

R. Chaim read the letter carefully and a heartfelt sigh escaped from his lips. After a few moments of profound silence, he counseled the troubled young man to stay in the yeshivah and continue his studies.

Yossele didn't hesitate. He listened to his rebbe and went back to his studies. His family would have to cope with the situation on their own (aided by a small sum of money that R. Chaim sent them).

After some time had passed, Yossele received another letter from his mother, this one brimming with severe reproach and recrimination: "Why didn't you listen to me and come home? Now the situation has deteriorated even more. You father is physically ill from everything that's happened. Come home right now!"

Yossele felt tremendous pressure. Now he really didn't know what to do. He went back to R. Chaim and showed him the latest letter. This time the Rosh Yeshivah sighed even more deeply, but still he said, "I can't tell you anything except to listen to me. Don't feel any remorse. Go back to your studies."

The possibility of contravening the Rosh Yeshivah's advice never even entered Yossele's mind. If that was what R. Chaim had said, that was what Yossele must do. And so he returned to his studies once more. All too soon, however, he received a third letter from his mother. Although briefer than the first two, it was the most devastating of all: "Your father has passed away."

Yossele couldn't contain himself, and burst into tears upon reading the tragic news - not only from grief, but from a sense of guilt as well - for who knew whether or not his actions had hastened his poor father's death, God forbid!

He ran to R. Chaim crying bitterly. After hearing what had happened, R. Chaim cried along with his precious disciple. After a few moments, however, R. Chaim told him again, "I can't tell you anything more than I told you before, except to listen to me this time as well. You must sit shivah and afterwards return to your studies."

Once again, Yossele unhesitatingly obeyed his rebbe. He sat shivah, and he wrote his mother a letter of consolation to tell her that he was suffering along with her - but he was firm in insisting that he had no other choice than to listen to his rebbe. Along with the letter, he sent some money to help her out. And after the seven days of mourning, he returned to his studies in the yeshivah.

A few years passed and the Rav of Slutzk passed away. After the mourning period was over, the town's governing council sent a delegation to Volozhin. The distinguished group of visitors entered the Rosh Yeshivah's office and asked if he could suggest a replacement for their deceased Rav. They promised that they would take care of the new appointee's every need: they would find him a good shidduch, build him a house befitting his stature, and provide him with a respectable salary. He would be able to occupy his position with honor and prestige.

R. Chaim replied, "Please wait for a moment. I have just the right person for you."

Immediately, he sent for Yossele. When the young man came into the Rosh Yeshivah's office, R. Chaim stood up out of respect. The members of the delegation were astonished. Here was the gadol ha-dor, the Rosh Yeshivah of Volozhin, giving supreme honor to one of his young talmidim! But that was not all. R. Chaim turned to Yossele and told him to come closer. When Yossele approached, he warmly shook his hand to congratulate him. After inviting Yossele to take a seat, R. Chaim turned to the Slutzker delegation and smiled broadly: "Do you happen to remember a wild young boy named Yossele who lived in your town some years ago? Whatever happened to him?"

The surprised members of the delegation replied, "Yes, we remember him. Who could ever forget Yossele? He played every prank in the world! But several years ago he disappeared, and we haven't seen him since."

R. Chaim smiled, and turned to the young man. "R. Yossel, please stand up." Then he turned to the delegation. "Gentlemen, here is Yossele. He is your new Rav." And the Rosh Yeshivah proceeded to shower the youth with lavish praise. He concluded by turning to the men and asking, "Do you agree with my choice?"

"Certainly! If the Rav says so, how can we disagree?"

The Rosh Yeshivah sent for some refreshments, and the members of the group wished one another "mazal tov." In good spirits, R. Chaim gave a short speech.

"R. Yossel, do you remember when you came to me in your distress and told me that all the stores had burned down, your father's among them? You didn't know what to do about your mother's entreaty that you return home, and I told you that you should continue with your studies. Do you know why I answered you like that?

"I understood that this fire was a ma'aseh Satan - an act instigated by the Satan. Just as the Satan tested Iyov, so too he came to test you. A delinquent little boy suddenly leaves all his wildness behind him and sits down to learn with fiery diligence, until he eventually becomes a great Torah personality. The Satan demanded that this young man be tested to see if he would hold on to his resolve. Heaven acquiesced, and gave the Satan permission to burn down all the tailor shops in Slutzk, with the sole intention of burning down your father's store. I understood what was happening, but I couldn't tell you. All I could say to you was that you should listen to me and not have any regrets.

"Then the Satan came again. This time he made your father ill. When you came to me then, I sighed together with you, and gave you the same answer that I gave you the first time. Fortunately, you listened to me and withstood the test.

"But that wasn't enough, and once again, the Satan came. This time he was forced to take your father from the world. Now he was certain that you had no choice. Surely you couldn't withstand this test, the most difficult of all. But you did!"

R. Chaim concluded: "How elated is your father in Gan Eden now. The Torah that you have learned is a source of great pride and comfort to him. Now, may R. Yossel go forth and lead the great community of Slutzk!"

Wishing everyone a Gut Shabbos!

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© Rabbi Eliezer Parkoff
4 Panim Meirot, Jerusalem 94423 Israel
Tel: 732-858-1257
Rabbi Parkoff is author of "Chizuk!" and "Trust Me!" (Feldheim Publishers), and "Mission Possible!" (Israel Book Shop Lakewood).
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