What is the halacha with regards to snapping a herbal sprig in order to
smell the fragrance?
Since the purpose of breaking the sprig is not to fashion a k’li,
rather it is merely to break open the cells encasing the fragrance, it
is permitted. One may not cut a hard branch or stem with an instrument,
one may only break or rub it between one’s fingers. Therefore, if one
wishes to break a hadassim branch (myrtle), one may do so but one
may not cut it with a knife or scissors.
One may not break such a branch in order to
fashion a toothpick.
Is one permitted to take a hot shower on Shabbos?
When discussing the issue of taking hot showers on Shabbos, two factors
must be taken into consideration. The first deals with use of a hot
water system, which incidentally would not make a difference whether
it is used for washing one’s hands, washing dishes or a person’s body.
The second deals with washing one’s body with hot water.
Opening the hot water faucet on Shabbos can easily involve an issur
d’oraisso
– a biblical violation, depending on the type of hot water system.
Without entering that complicated subject, the general halachic rule is
that one must not open the hot water tap on Shabbos, regardless of which
system is in operation.
The second issue is the focal point of our discussion. For argument
sake, and for want of avoiding the issue of using a hot water system on
Shabbos, we will talk about taking a hot bath in a bathtub that was
filled with hot water before Shabbos.
Seemingly there can be nothing wrong. However the gemora
Shabbos 39b says that one may not wash one’s entire body with hot
water on Shabbos, regardless of when the water was heated.
What is the reason for this prohibition?
Chazal
instituted this g’zeira because if one would be permitted to
bathe in hot water, there is fear that one would heat water for that
purpose, which of course involves an issur d’oraisso.
Why do you say that one may not wash one’s entire body?
Chazal
only prohibited the washing of the greater part of one’s body with water
that was heated before Shabbos. One may wash one’s face hands and feet
(or limited areas of one’s body for that matter) with water that was
heated before Shabbos.
As stated, we are avoiding the issue of opening a
hot water tap and are therefore referring to hot water in a bath or in a
basin from before Shabbos. Water on the Shabbos hot-plate (obviously
from before Shabbos) is considered heated before Shabbos, not on
Shabbos.
Is the halacha different for a person who is ill?
A
person who has a minor illness and would benefit from washing his body
with hot water that was heated before Shabbos may do so.
The reason is because the entire prohibition is an
issur d’rabanan and Chazal did not institute this
g’zeira when illness is involved.
What is the halacha with regards to water that was heated on Shabbos?
One may not wash even one limb with water that was heated on Shabbos.
Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach ztz”l defines water heated on Shabbos
as water that was actively placed on Shabbos in a place where it heated
up. However, water that was placed on a hot-plate before Shabbos and
heated up on Shabbos is called water heated before Shabbos.
May one warm one’s wet body next to a fire?
First we must state that the water is not heated to the degree of yad
soledes bo
because that would be cooking the water. Second,
we must understand and analyze the problem. Is this heated water
considered as water heated on Shabbos, thus prohibiting even the warming
of one’s wet hands, or is it not considered heated on Shabbos?
We find a machlokes regarding this matter.
The Rambam holds
that when one wishes to wash one’s body with hot
water one does not normally wet one’s body and stand next to a fire,
consequently he classifies the water as heated ‘before Shabbos’.
Accordingly one may warm one’s hands (provided that the water does not
reach yad soledes bo) next to a fire but not one’s wet body.
The Rosh
however classifies the water as heated on Shabbos
and thus one may not warm even one’s wet hands next to a fire on
Shabbos. Accordingly one may not warm wet hands on the heating unit on
Shabbos. The
Bi’ur Halacha
adds that one should take care not to warm wet hands on a hot wall that
radiates heat next to a heater.
How should one mix hot water and cold in order to wash one’s hands or
face?
One of the methods is to take hot water from an electric Shabbos urn or
to use some water from the kettle that is on the Shabbos hot plate or
blech. This water is heated before Shabbos and may be used for this
purpose.
The problem is that this water is too hot to bathe with, and for
practical reasons it must be mixed with cold water. Mixing hot and cold
water can result in ‘cooking’ the cold water and therefore must be mixed
in a permitted manner.
Two methods are feasible and permitted:
1)
Pour hot
water from the urn etc. into a dry vessel and add cold water to cool it.
Since the vessel the hot water is now in is called a k’li sheini,
one may add ‘uncooked’ water to a k’li sheini and it does not
‘cook’ in that k’li.
2)
Pour hot
water from the urn etc. onto cold water making sure that only a small
amount of hot water is poured thus ensuring that the mixture does not
reach the temperature of yad soledes bo.