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1) WHO RECEIVES A SHARE OF KODSHIM (cont.)

(a) (Gemara) Question: What is the source of this?
(b) Answer (Reish Lakish): "ha'Kohen ha'Mechatei Osah Yochalenah" - only a Kohen who is Mechatei (Oved) will eat.
(c) Question: Is this always true?!

1. Not all the Kohanim in the Mishmar do Avodah, yet all eat!

(d) Answer: Reish Lakish means, only a Kohen who is able to do Avodah will eat.
(e) Question: A minor may not do Avodah, yet he may eat!
(f) Answer: He means, only a Kohen who is able to do Avodah receives a portion to eat.
(g) Question: A Ba'al Mum may not do Avodah, yet he receives a portion to eat!
(h) Answer: "Kol Zachar ba'Kohanim" teaches that a Ba'al Mum receives a portion.
(i) Question: Perhaps this includes a Tevul Yom!
(j) Answer #1: It is more reasonable to include a Ba'al Mum, for he is (now) permitted to eat.

1. Question: It is more reasonable to include a Tevul Yom, for he will be Kosher (even for Avodah) at night (e.g. Haktaras Chelev)!
2. Answer: A Tevul Yom is not Kosher now.

(k) Answer #2 (Rav Yosef) Question: "Yochalenu" really means, Yechalkenu (he will receive a share) - why does it say "Yochalenu"?

1. Answer: This teaches that only someone permitted to eat receives a share.

(l) Question (Reish Lakish): If a Ba'al Mum was Tamei, does he receive a share?

1. Since he receives a share even though he cannot Oved, we do not distinguish whether or not he is Tamei;
2. Or, perhaps only someone who may eat (now) receives a share?

(m) Answer (Rabah - Beraisa): A Kohen Gadol may Oved when he is an Onen, but he may not eat and does not receive a share to eat at night.

1. This teaches that only someone who may eat receives a share.

(n) Question (R. Oshaya): Does a Tamei receive a share of Korbanos Tzibur?

1. It says "Ha'Mechatei" (will receive a share) - a Tamei is Kosher for Korbanos Tzibur (b'Diavad, or even l'Chatchilah if there are no Tahor Kohanim, so he should receive);
2. Or, perhaps only someone who may eat (now) receives a share?

(o) Answer (Ravina - Beraisa): A Kohen Gadol may Oved when he is an Onen, but he may not eat and does not receive a share to eat at night.

1. This teaches that only someone who may eat receives a share.

(a) (Our Mishnah): An Onen may touch Kodshim, but he may not Oved...
(b) Contradiction (Mishnah A): An Onen or Mechushar Kipurim must immerse for Kodshim (we are thinking, before touching it.).
(c) Answer #1 (R. Ami): He may touch after immersing, not before immersing.
(d) Question: Even after immersing, he is still (forbidden to Kodshim like) an Onen!

1. (Rabah bar bar Chanah): If an Onen immersed (on the day of death), he is still an Onen.

(e) Answer: He may touch Kodshim if he did not Mesi'ach Da'as (cease guarding himself from Tum'ah), if he was Mesi'ach Da'as he must immerse again.
(f) Question: If he was Mesi'ach Da'as, he is forbidden to Kodshim for seven days (Mei Chatas is required, immersion is not enough)!

1. (R. Yostai b'Rebbi Mason): If one was Mesi'ach Da'as, Mei Chatas must be sprinkled on him on days three and seven (we are concerned that he became Tamei Mes.)

(g) Answer: R. Yostai's law is when he was Mesi'ach Da'as from Tum'as Mes, R. Ami's law is when he was Mesi'ach Da'as from Tum'as Sheretz but not from Tum'as Mes.
(h) Rejection #1: If (we suspect that) he touched a Sheretz, he is fully Tamei, even after immersing he may not touch Kodshim until evening!
(i) Rejection #2: If (we suspect that) he touched a Sheretz, he must immerse even for Terumah!
(j) Answer (R. Yirmeyah): The case is, he guarded himself from something that would Metamei him (mid'Oraisa), but not from something that would Posel him (mid'Rabanan).
(k) Question: Is there such a thing as guarding from one thing and not from another?!
(l) Answer: Yes!

1. (Beraisa): If a man was carrying a basket on his head with a rake fork inside, and he was guarding the basket but not the rake, the basket is Tahor, the rake is Tamei.

2. Question: The rake should be Metamei the basket!
3. Answer: A vessel (unless it became an Av ha'Tum'ah of Tum'as Mes) does not Metamei another vessel.
4. Question: The rake should Metamei the contents of the basket!
5. Answer (Rava): The case is, he guarded the rake from something that would Metamei it (to Metamei Chulin), but not from something that would Posel it.

(m) Answer #2 (to Contradiction (b) - R. Aba bar Mamal): R. Yochanan taught, one who eats a Shelishi (third-degree Tamei food) is forbidden to eat Terumah, but he may touch Terumah;

1. This shows that we are more stringent about eating than touching;
2. Likewise, we require an Onen to immerse before *eating* Kodshim (Mishnah A discusses this), not before touching it.

(a) (Mishnah): He does not receive a share to eat at night.
(b) Inference: He does not receive a share, but others may invite him to eat their share.
(c) Contradiction (Mishnah): An Onen immerses and eats Korban Pesach at night, he may not eat other Kodshim.
(d) Answer #1 (R. Yirmeyah mi'Difti): (Normally, Aninus applies mid'Rabanan at night, he may not eat Kodshim -) since Chachamim allow him to eat Korban Pesach (for one who does not bring Pesach is Chayav Kares), they permit him to eat all Kodshim on this night;

1. On other nights, he has no permission to eat any Kodshim.
2. When the Mishnah says 'he may not eat other Kodshim', it means, on any other day, he may not eat Kodshim at night.

(e) Answer #2 (Rav Asi): If his relative died on the 14th (of Nisan) and was buried on the 14th, he may eat Pesach but not other Kodshim that night (for Aninus of the night following the death is mid'Rabanan, Chachamim did not decree regarding Pesach);

1. If the death was on the 13th and the burial on the 14th, he may eat any Kodshim that night (Chachamim did not decree Aninus on the night following burial).

(f) Question: Who is the Tana of that Mishnah, who holds that Aninus Laylah (of the night after death) is only mid'Rabanan?
(g) Answer: It is R. Shimon:

1. (Beraisa - R. Yehudah): Aninus Laylah is mid'Oraisa;
2. R. Shimon says, it is only mid'Rabanan.
3. R. Shimon: Surely I am right - (you agree that earlier) Chachamim taught that an Onen immerses and eats Pesach at night, but not other Kodshim!

(h) Question: R. Shimon holds that Aninus Laylah is mid'Oraisa!

1. (Beraisa - R. Shimon): An Onen may not offer a Korban through a Shali'ach.

i. Suggestion: He may not offer even Korban Pesach (because he may not eat at night, for Aninus Laylah is mid'Oraisa)!

(i) Answer: No, he may not offer any Korban other than Pesach through a Shali'ach.
(j) Question (Beraisa - R. Shimon): "Shelamim" - one must be Shalem (settled, i.e. not an Onen) to bring this Korban.

1. Question: What is the source that the same applies to Todah?
2. Answer: Todah has the same law as Shelamim, for one may fulfill the Mitzvah of Simchah by eating Todah, just like Shelamim (and it is called Shelamim.)
3. Question: What is the source for Olah?
4. Answer: Olah has the same law, for it may be brought voluntarily like Shelamim.
5. Question: What is the source for Bechor, Ma'aser and Pesach?
6. Answer: These have the same law, for they are not brought on account of Chet, like Shelamim.
7. Question: What is the source for Chatas and Asham?
8. Answer: "Zevach" includes them.
9. Question: What is the source for birds, Menachos, wine, (Rashi - the Korban that accompanies) wood and Levonah?
10. Answer: "Shelamim Korbano" - he must be Shalem to bring any Korban.
11. Summation of question: It says that an Onen may not bring Pesach!

(k) Answer #1 (Rav Chisda): Pesach was taught Kedi (for no reason, along with Bechor and Ma'aser, really, the law does not apply to Pesach).
(l) Answer #2 (Rav Sheshes): In this Beraisa, 'Pesach' refers to Shalmei Pesach (Rashi - Chagigah of the 14th, it is eaten on Layl Pesach for satiation before eating Pesach.)
(m) Question: Shalmei Pesach is a Shelamim, this was already taught!
(n) Answer: The Tana teaches Shelamim that come on account of Pesach, and Shelamim that come on their own;

1. Had he not taught Shelamim on account of Pesach, one might have thought that it is just like Pesach (and an Onen may bring it).