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Yoma 57
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YOMA 57 - David Warm of Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, has dedicated the
Daf in memory of his dear late mother and father, Devorah bas Dovid & Arieh
Leib ben Zvi.
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1) USING A "HEKESH" TO TEACH A HALACHAH WHICH WAS DERIVED THROUGH ANOTHER
"HEKESH"
OPINIONS: The Mishnah (55b) discusses where and how the blood of the Par
and Se'ir were sprinkled. First, the blood of the Par was sprinkled in the
Kodesh ha'Kodashim, with one Haza'ah upwards and seven Haza'os downwards.
Second, the blood of the Se'ir was sprinkled in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim in
the same manner, one Haza'ah upwards and seven downwards. Then, the Kohen
Gadol went out of the Kodesh ha'Kodashim into the Heichal and performed
similar Haza'os towards the Paroches -- one upwards and seven downwards
from the blood of the Par, and one upwards and seven downwards from the
blood of the Se'ir.
The Gemara (56b) cites a Beraisa which states that we learn that the blood
of the Par and Se'ir were sprinkled the same way in the Heichal (towards
the Paroches) as it was sprinkled in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim from a Hekesh,
comparing the Ohel Mo'ed (Heichal) to the Kodesh ha'Kodashim (Vayikra
16:16). The Gemara here asks how can such a Hekesh teach the Haza'os in the
Heichal? We learned earlier (55a) that the sets of Haza'os for the Par and
the Se'ir (one upwards and seven downwards) are themselves learned through
a Hekesh. Since the Torah only specifies the number of Haza'os done
*upwards* with the blood of the Se'ir (i.e. one), we must learn the number
that is done *downwards* (i.e. seven) through a Hekesh to the Par.
Regarding the Par, the Torah only tells us the number of Haza'os down
*downwards* (i.e. seven); we only know the number of Haza'os down *upwards*
(i.e. one) from a Hekesh to the Se'ir. How, then, can another Hekesh teach
that those Haza'os are also done in the Heichal? There is a rule that a
Hekesh cannot be used to teach a Halachah of Korbanos that is derived in
the first place through a Hekesh. Only something which appears explicitly
in one place can be learned to another place through a Hekesh.
The Gemara gives three answers. Its final answer is that the sprinklings of
the Heichal are learned from the sprinklings of the Kodesh ha'Kodashim "at
one time."
What does this mean, and how does it answer the question that a Hekesh
cannot teach a Halachah that was derived only through a Hekesh in the first
place?
ANSWERS:
(a) RASHI (DH v'Iy Ba'is Eima) explains that the parts of the Haza'os that
are written in the verses explicitly (that is, the one upward sprinkling of
the Se'ir and the seven downward sprinklings of the Par) can certainly be
derived for the Heichal through a Hekesh, since only a single Hekesh is
employed. Once we learn laws through a single Hekesh, we can also use that
Hekesh to teach laws that are only derived in the first place through a
Hekesh, and need a "double Hekesh" to transfer them (such as the *seven
downward* sprinklings of the Se'ir, and the *one upward* sprinkling of the
Par).
TOSFOS (DH Chutz) questions Rashi's explanation, citing a number of
instances in which we find that a Hekesh is used to teach laws that are
written explicitly in the source, but it is *not* used to teach laws that
are only derived through an earlier Hekesh in the source. Tosfos explains
that what Rashi means is that our case is unique in that the explicit
Halachah for which the Hekesh is originally used (the seven downwards
Haza'os of the Par and the one upwards one of the Se'ir) is part and parcel
of the other Halachah which is learned through a double Hekesh. Both are
describing the manner in which the *Haza'os* were done in the Heichal.
Since some of the Haza'os of the Kodesh ha'Kodashim may be learned from a
single Hekesh, the entire procedure of the Haza'os can be learned through a
Hekesh. (The RITZBA, also cited by Tosfos, adds that the verse itself
implies that the *entire procedure* of the Haza'os in the Heichal should be
learned from the Haza'os of the Kodesh ha'Kodashim.)
(b) The RI (cited by TOSFOS DH Chutz) explains that the Gemara means to say
that the Hekesh is indeed *not* being used to teach a Halachah learned only
through another Hekesh, but it is only teaching Halachos that are
explicitly written in the source. The number of upward sprinklings is
written explicitly regarding the Se'ir. The Hekesh comparing the Heichal to
the Kodesh ha'Kodashim then derives from the single upward sprinkling of
the Se'ir in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim that there must also be one upward
sprinkling for the Se'ir in the Heichal, *as well as* one upward sprinkling
for the Par in the Heichal! Similarly, the downward sprinklings in the
Heichal of *both* the Par and the Se'ir are derived through a Hekesh from
the downward sprinklings of the *Par* in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim!
(c) RABEINU CHANANEL has a different Girsa in the Gemara: The sprinklings
of the Heichal are learned *with* (and not "from") the sprinklings of the
Kodesh ha'Kodashim at one time. That is, since the Torah says, "And so
shall be done in the Ohel Mo'ed," it is as if it says explicitly the same
instructions which the Torah writes for the Kodesh ha'Kodashim. It is not a
Hekesh which teaches which Haza'os are done in the Heichal; rather, even
without a Hekesh ("v'Chen Ya'aseh") the verses equate the two as far as the
Haza'os are concerned. The only Hekesh that is needed is a single Hekesh,
which teaches that the number of downwards Haza'os for the Par and Se'ir
are the same in *both* the Heichal and Kodesh ha'Kodashim, and the number
of upwards Haza'os for the Par and Se'ir are the same in *both* the Heichal
and Kodesh ha'Kodashim.
57b
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