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1) [line 1] HASHTA BARI TEME'IM ATEM - now (after the destruction of the Beis ha'Mikdash) you are definitely Teme'im, i.e. spiritually defiled (and the Shechinah does not dwell in your midst)

2) [line 8] MEKOMOS HU D'GAMREI ME'HADADI - the second Hekesh is used to compare the *places* of the Avodah, i.e. the Avodah in the Heichal is learned from the Avodah in the Kodesh ha'Kodashim. The Gemara first assumed that both of the Hekeshim were used to compare the animals (i.e. the Avodos performed on them) to each other

3) [line 14] PAR HE'ELEM DAVAR SHEL TZIBUR
(a) The Sanhedrin (the Jewish Supreme Court) must bring a Korban if they issued a mistaken ruling permitting an act that carries a Chiyuv Kares and the Jewish people in Eretz Yisrael (the majority of the people or the majority of the tribes) conducted themselves based on this ruling. The sages bring a young bull as a Chatas on behalf of each of the tribes. The people are exempt, since they relied on the Beis Din ha'Gadol. If the sin committed was idolatry, the sages bring a young bull as an Olah and a goat as a Chatas for each tribe. Each of these bulls is called a Par He'elem Davar Shel Tzibur (RAMBAM Hilchos Shegagos 12:1).
(b) The blood of these bulls was sprinkled in the Heichal on the Paroches and the Mizbach ha'Zahav. The Sheyarei ha'Dam (the remainder of the blood) was poured on the Western Yesod (foundation) of the Mizbe'ach. The remains of the bulls were burned outside of the city of Yerushalayim (Vayikra 4:13- 21).

4) [line 14] SE'IREI AVODAH ZARAH
(a) The Sanhedrin (the Jewish Supreme Court) must bring a Korban if they issued a mistaken ruling permitting an act of idolatry that carries a Chiyuv Kares and the Jewish people in Eretz Yisrael (the majority of the people or the majority of the tribes) conducted themselves based on this ruling. The sages bring a young bull as an Olah and a goat as a Chatas on behalf of each of the tribes. The people are exempt, since they relied on the Beis Din ha'Gadol. The goats are called Se'irei Avodas Kochavim (RAMBAM Hilchos Shegagos 12:1).
(b) The blood of the goats was sprinkled in the Heichal on the Paroches and the Mizbach ha'Zahav. The Sheyarei ha'Dam (the remainder of the blood) was poured on the Western Yesod (foundation) of the Mizbe'ach. The remains of the goats were burned outside of the city of Yerushalayim (Bamidbar 15:22- 26).

5) [line 15] D'AVIDEI K'SIDRAN - (a) they were in the order that they are sprinkled on Yom ha'Kipurim, one above the other (RASHI); (b) they were in order such that one drop was above the seven others, but there was no specific order to the seven lower drops (TOSFOS YESHANIM DH she'Lo k'Sidran -- printed on Daf 58a); (c) there were eight drops and not seven (RABEINU YOSEF, cited in TOSFOS YESHANIM ibid.)

6a) [line 25] BAVLA'EI TIPSHA'EI - foolish Babylonians
b) [line 26] MISHUM D'DAIREI B'AR'A D'CHASHOCHA, AMREI SHEMA'ATA D'MECHASHCHAN - because they live in a dark land they say dark (incorrect) sayings. (Bavel is called a dark land because it is situated in a large valley.)

8) [line 38] D'KA MEGAMRINAN LEHU V'LO GEMIREI - they (the scholars of Eretz Yisrael) teach them (the Babylonians, i.e. us) and yet they (you) do not learn

9) [line 6] MI'VADA'IN YAHIV - he sprinkles from the [bowls that contain unmixed blood, the identity of which is] definite

10a) [line 6] HANACH - the blood that was mixed
b) [line 6] SHIRAYIM - [is in the category of] the remainder of the blood of the sacrifices [that is poured onto the Yesod of the Mizbe'ach]

11) [line 7] YESOD (a) The Mizbach ha'Olah of the Beis ha'Mikdash consisted of three concrete and stone platforms poured one on top of the other. The Yesod (bottom platform) was 32 Amos long, 32 Amos wide and 1 Amah high. The second platform was 30 Amos long, 30 Amos wide and 5 Amos high. The third platform (which the Rambam calls "Mekom ha'Ma'arachah"), upon which the sacrifices were offered, was 28 Amos long, 28 Amos wide, and 3 Amos high. A Keren (horn), which was a one-Amah cube, was poured on each corner of the upper platform. (RAMBAM Hilchos Beis ha'Bechirah 2:5-8)
(b) The Yesod protruded outward one Amah further than the middle section on two complete sides, the northern and the western. It protruded on the eastern and southern sides only for the length of one Amah from the northern and western corners. The blood of many of the Korbanos was cast on the sides of the Mizbe'ach above the Yesod, and it ran down to the Yesod (Zevachim 37a, based upon Vayikra 5:9). The remainder of the blood of some Korbanos was poured directly onto the Yesod, as it states in the Torah (Shemos 29:12; Vayikra 4:7; etc.)
(c) The Kohanim walked upon the part of the middle platform that jutted out one Amah on each side past the upper platform. This was called the "Sovev", because it encircled the Mizbe'ach.
(d) The Keranos were hollow. (RAMBAM ibid. 2:8)
(e) The ramp was 32 Amos long and 16 Amos wide, and was separated from the south side of the Mizbe'ach by a hair's breadth (Pesachim 77a, Zevachim 62b). It was indented on the bottom, at the face of the Mizbe'ach, such that it covered the Sovev.

12) [line 8] AMAH - the channel of water that ran through the Azarah

13) [line 8] KOS ECHAD OSEH CHAVEIRO SHIRAYIM
When the blood of a Korban is collected in more than one utensil, but only one utensil was used to perform the required amount of sprinklings, the Tana'im argue as to the status of the blood of the other utensils. One opinion holds that the blood of these utensils is treated like the Sheyarim (the remainder of the blood) of the first utensil, and is therefore poured on the foundation of the Mizbe'ach. Another opinion rules that this blood becomes Dachuy (rejected) and is spilled into the Amah (the water channel that ran through the Azarah).

14a) [line 28] ME'ARVIN L'KERANOS - the blood of the Par and Sa'ir are mixed before they are put on the corners of the Mizbe'ach ha'Zahav
b) [line 30] EIN ME'ARVIN - the blood of the Par and Sa'ir are not mixed before they are put on the corners of the Mizbe'ach ha'Zahav (however, according to everyone the blood is mixed before it is sprinkled on the top of the Mizbe'ach -- TOSFOS, TOSFOS YESHANIM)

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