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1) [line 1] SHECHAKIM - worn-out, thin (but not torn) garments

2) [line 10] TERUMAS MIDYAN
(a) Before Benei Yisrael crossed the Yarden River, HaSh-m commanded them to wage war with the Midyanites. 12,000 soldiers of Benei Yisrael went to battle and successfully vanquished the Midyanites. HaSh-m commanded that the spoils should be divided among the soldiers, the Kohanim, the Leviyim and the people, in specific proportions (Bamidbar 31:1-47).
(b) The captives and animals were divided equally between the soldiers and the people. HaSh-m commanded that the soldiers donate 1/500 of their spoils to the Kohanim as a "Terumah to HaSh-m," and that Benei Yisrael donate 1/50 of their spoils to the Leviyim. The Rishonim in our Sugya disagree as to whether the Gemara is suggesting that the amount of ashes for Terumas ha'Deshen needs to be 1/500 (RASHI, RITVA) or 1/50 (RABEINU CHANANEL, RABEINU ELYAKIM).

3) [line 12] KUMTZO (KOMETZ)
(a) When a Korban Minchah (flour offering) is offered, a Kohen must take off a Kometz (handful), which is burned upon the Mizbe'ach.
(b) A Kometz is the amount that can be held by the middle three fingers when they are pressed upon the palm. The Kohen puts his hand in the dough or baked goods and removes one handful. The dough or baked goods that sticks out is then wiped off by the thumb and the smallest finger until only the Kometz remains.
(c) Our Gemara concludes that a Kometz of ashes is separated for the Terumas ha'Deshen. This is not meant to be taken in the Kohen's hand, since the ashes are among live, burning coals. Rather, the Kohen *shovels out* at least a Kometz of ashes with a silver Machtah (shovel).

4) [line 14] NISUCH HA'MAYIM
One of the Mitzvos of the festival of Sukos in the Beis ha'Mikdash is the Nisuch ha'Mayim (water libation that is offered on the Mizbe'ach). Three Lugim (approx. 1.5 liter) of water are drawn from the Shilo'ach spring that is located to the south of the Temple Mount. The water is brought to the Azarah in a joyous procession, to fulfill the Pasuk "u'Sh'avtem Mayim b'Sason ..." ("and you shall draw water with rejoicing ..." - Yeshayah 12:3). The Kohen who is chosen to pour the water ascends the Mizbe'ach and pours the water from a golden flask into one of the Sefalim (the silver libation pipes located at the top of the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach). This takes place each day of Sukos at the time of the morning Tamid sacrifice, amidst much rejoicing.

5) [line 15] NISUCH HA'YAYIN
All public and private sacrifices were brought together with *wine libations* (Nesachim) except for Korbenos Chatas and Asham. The wine was poured into one of the Sefalim (the silver libation pipes located at the top of the southwest corner of the Mizbe'ach). The amount of wine needed depended upon the animal offered, as specified in Bamidbar 15:1-12.

6a) [line 20] AVODAS MATANAH - a priestly service that consists of *placing* something on one of the Mizbachos or Kelei Kodesh (holy utensils)
b) [line 21] AVODAS SILUK - a priestly service that consists of *removing* something from one of the Mizbachos or Kelei Kodesh

7a) [line 24] SHEVA HAZA'OS SHE'BIFNIM - the sprinkling of (at least) seven drops of blood on the Paroches from the Par Kohen Mashi'ach (the young bull brought by a Kohen Gadol who sins b'Shogeg - Vayikra 4:12), the Par He'elem Davar (the young bull brought by the Sanhedrin if their ruling caused most of the people to sin b'Shogeg -- see Background to Shabbos 93:3) and the Par v'Se'ir of Yom ha'Kipurim (the young bull brought by the Kohen Gadol and the goat brought by the people - Vayikra 16:14-16)
b) [line 24] VESHEB'METZORA - the sprinkling of oil from the Log Shemen of the Metzora (see Background to Nidah 70:4)

8) [line 7] HADAR ARVEI KERA - the extra letter Vav in the word "v'Avadetem" returns the concept of Avodah Tamah (a concluding service) to the divine service that is performed outside of the Beis ha'Mikdash, therefore only Avodos that are concluding services result in the (heavenly) death sentence if a non-Kohen performs them

9a) [line 10] SHE'SIDER ES HA'SHULCHAN (arranging the LECHEM HA'PANIM on the Shulchan)
The Lechem ha'Panim (Showbread) is an offering of 12 loaves (that are Matzah) which are arranged in two stacks (Sedarim), six loaves to each stack, on the Golden Table of the Mishkan or Beis ha'Mikdash. Fresh loaves were arranged on the Table every Shabbos and are left there until the following Shabbos. The Kohanim eat the loaves that are removed. (Vayikra 24:5-9).

b) [line 11] SIDUR BAZICHIN (arranging the LEVONAH in the bowls) A Kometz (the amount that will fit under the middle three fingers when they are pressed upon the palm) of Levonah (frankincense) in a Bazach (bowl) is placed alongside each stack of the Lechem ha'Panim. The Levonah is later removed and offered on the Mizbe'ach.

10) [line 17] HATZASAS ALISA - lighting the kindling wood [of the Ma'arachah]
11) [line 21] SHNEI GEZIREI ETZIM - arranging on the large Ma'arachah two blocks of wood that measure one square Amah and are as thick as the block that is used to level a heaping Se'ah (Zevachim 62b). These were placed on top of the wood-pile to increase the fire (RAMBAM Temidin u'Musafin 6:1)

12) [line 29] CHATAS HA'OF
The Chatas ha'Of is eaten by the Kohanim. No part of it was burned on the Mizbe'ach. The offering of the Chatas ha'Of consists of three procedures:
(a) MELIKAH - Standing on the floor of the Azarah near the southwestern corner of the Mizbe'ach, the Kohen cuts the back of the neck of the bird with his right thumbnail. He makes sure to cut one Siman (either the trachea or the esophagus), but not to sever the entire neck of the bird.
(b) HAZAYAH - The Kohen sprinkles its blood on the Mizbe'ach (directly from the neck of the bird), below the Chut ha'Sikra (red line) that is located halfway up the Mizbe'ach.
(c) MITZUY - The Kohen presses the cut neck of the bird to the Mizbe'ach and squeezes its remaining blood onto the Mizbe'ach.

13) [line 30] OLAS HA'OF
The offering of the Olas Ha'of consisted of four procedures:
(a) MELIKAH - On the Sovev (see Background to Yoma 22:13) of the Mizbe'ach, on the southeastern corner, the Kohen cuts the back of the neck of the bird with his right thumbnail, making sure to cut both Simanim (the trachea and the esophagus).
(b) MITZUY - The Kohen presses the cut part of the head and body of the bird onto the wall of the Mizbe'ach, above the Chut ha'Sikra (red line) that is located halfway up the Mizbe'ach.
(c) HAKTARAS HA'ROSH - The Kohen salts the head and throws it into the fire on the Mizbe'ach.
(d) HAKTARAS HA'GUF - The Kohen cuts out the crop and surrounding feathers of the bird (or, according to some Tana'im, the crop and the intestines -- Zevachim 65a) and throws them to the ash-pile at the side of the ramp of the Mizbe'ach. He then tears the bird apart (Shesiya), salts it, and throws it into the fire.

14) [line 37] L'HARGISH KOL HA'AZARAH - to cause a great sound of many people in the Azarah

15) [line 38] "ASHER YACHDAV NAMTIK SOD; B'VEIS ELOKIM NEHALECH B'RAGESH" - "Together we would take wise (lit. sweet) counsel; in the House of Elokim we would walk with multitudes." (Tehilim 55:15)

16) [line 42] D'CHAMSEI V'AVDEI - that seize [the opportunity] and perform the Avodah [by force]

17) [line 43] MIKRU V'AVDEI - it may happen that they will perform [the Avodah in their ordinary clothes]

18) [line 43] CHAZANIN - the officials in charge of dressing the Kohanim with Bigdei Kehunah

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