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Yoma 13
1) [line 5] TZARAH ME'CHAYIM - a "rival" Kohen Gadol during the lifetime of
the first Kohen Gadol
2) [line 29] EIN ZEH KERISUS
(a) The Torah states (Devarim 24:1) that if a man wants to divorce his wife,
he must write a Sefer Kerisus (a document that cuts [the bond between them])
and hand it to her in front of two witnesses. In the language of Chazal,
this document of divorce is called a Get.
(b) Since the Torah calls the Get a "Sefer Kerisus," we are taught that the
Get must completely sever the ties between the husband and his wife. If the
husband introduces a retroactive condition into the Get, which cannot be
completely fulfilled until the woman dies, the Get is invalid, since there
will be no point at which the ties between the husband and his wife will be
entirely severed in a practical manner, i.e. while she is still alive.
TOSFOS (DH Kol Yemei), based on our Sugya, adds that even if *one manner* of
fulfilling the condition involves the wife's death, the Get is invalid,
since the condition *may* be fulfilled in a manner has not severed the ties
between the husband and the wife while living.
3) [last line] B'PALGA D'AVODAH - in the middle of the Avodah
13b---------------------------------------13b
4) [line 18] D'KA BAYA L'MEIMAS - that she is going to die
5) [line 24] ONEN (ANINUS - The Halachic status of a mourner immediately
after a close relative's death)
(a) A person is called an Onen mid'Oraisa on the day of death of one of his
seven closest relatives for whom he is required to arrange for burial (i.e.
father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter and wife). Chazal (Zevachim
101a) learn the Halachah of Aninus from the verse, "v'Achalti Chatas ha'Yom,
ha'Yitav b'Einei HaSh-m?" (Vayikra 10:19). Among the Halachos that apply to
an Onen is that a Kohen Onen is prohibited from doing the Avodah (divine
service) in the Beis ha'Mikdash unless he is the Kohen Gadol (Vayikra 10:7,
21:1-4). Moreover, an Onen (even the Kohen Gadol) may not eat Kodshim,
Terumah and Ma'aser Sheni.
(b) Besides the prohibition against an Onen performing the Avodah, eating
Kodshim, etc. *mid'Oraisa*, the Rabanan extended the prohibitions even after
Aninus mid'Oraisa has passed. However, the Tana'im and Rishonim argue as to
the nature of this Gezeirah. They also argue as to whether Aninus mid'Oraisa
always applies for the entire day or for part of the day in certain cases.
With regard to these questions, Aninus may be broken into five time periods,
as follows:
1. The day of death, before burial - according to all opinions Aninus
mid'Oraisa applies, as above.
2. The day of death, after burial - according to Rashi (Pesachim 90b DH
ha'Onen, Zevachim 15b DH Onen) only Aninus mid'Rabanan applies. According to
the Ramban (Toras ha'Adam) Aninus mid'Oraisa still applies.
3. The night after the day of death (according to Rashi in #2, before
burial; according to Ramban in #2, even after burial) - the Tana'im argue if
the Aninus is mid'Oraisa or mid'Rabanan (Zevachim 99b). Most of the Rishonim
rule that the Aninus is not mid'Oraisa but rather mid'Rabanan.
4. The days after the day of death, even if the body has not been buried -
Aninus only applies mid'Rabanan (Zevachim 100b) until the end of the day of
burial. Also on the day of "Likut Atzamos" (when the remains of one of the
close relatives are exhumed and re-buried elsewhere), the Rabanan decreed
that the person is an Onen for that entire day.
5. The night after the day of burial - the Tana'im (Zevachim 100b) argue
whether the person is an Onen mid'Rabanan or not at all, and the Halachah
follows the opinion that he is not an Onen at all.
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