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Yevamos 81
1a) [line 9] ANDROGINUS - hermaphrodite, a person with both male and female
reproductive organs. There is a Machlokes as to whether an Androginus is a
male, female or a new gender.
b) [line 11] TUMTUM - a person whose genitals are covered with skin so that
we do not know if he is a male or a female
2) [line 11] SHE'NIKRA - whose skin that covered the genitals was torn open
3) [line 11] LO YACHLOTZ - where there are other brothers of the deceased,
childless husband, a Tumtum does not perform Chalitzah with the wife of his
deceased brother (because he may be found to be a Saris) (RASHI). See,
however, Rashi to Yevamos 83b DH v'Lachlotz and Insights to Yevamos 83:1
4) [line 18] CHAZEH V'SHOK
The chest and the hind leg of the Shelamim (peace offering) were waved in a
prescribed manner and were then given as a gift to the Kohanim, as described
in Vayikra (7:28-36).
5) [line 21] B'TERUMAH B'ZEMAN HA'ZEH D'RABANAN (Terumah: crops to which it
applies)
(a) The obligation to give Terumah is learned from the verse, "Reishis
Deganecha Tiroshecha v'Yitzharecha...Titen Lo" - "The first portion of your
*grain*, *wine* and *oil*...give [to the Kohen]" (Devarim 18:4). The
Rishonim dispute from which crops one is obligated to give Terumah
mid'Oraisa.
1. According to RASHI (here and elsewhere), TOSFOS (Bechoros 54a DH u'Shnei
and elsewhere), the RA'AVAD (Hilchos Ma'aser 1:9) and the SEFER HA'CHINUCH
(#507), Terumah mid'Oraisa is only taken from the crops mentioned in this
verse, grains, grapes and olives.
2. According to the RAMBAN (Devarim 14:22), Terumah mid'Oraisa is only taken
from grains, wine and olive oil, but not from raw grapes and olives.
(According to Tosfos in Bava Metzia 88b DH Ki, although Terumah mid'Oraisa
must be taken from grapes and olives as well, that is only if they were
harvested to be eaten.)
3. According to the RAMBAM (Hilchos Terumos 2:1,6), Terumah mid'Oraisa must
be taken from all produce that is not ownerless (Hefker), that grows from
the ground and that is regularly eaten by humans.
(b) According to all opinions, there is at least a Mitzvah mid'Rabanan to
separate Terumah from all produce that is not ownerless, that grows from the
ground, and that is regularly eaten by humans (MINCHAS CHINUCH # 507).
6a) [line 31] IGUL - a round cake of pressed dried figs
b) [line 31] IGUL B'IGULIM - a cake of dried figs of Terumah that became
mixed up with 100 cakes of Chulin or a cake of dried figs of Terumah Teme'ah
that became mixed up with 100 cakes of Terumah Tehorah
7) [line 31] OLEH
(a) Terumah only becomes Batel (canceled) if one part of Terumah falls into
at least 100 parts of Chulin. Even if the Terumah is Batel, it is forbidden
for non-Kohanim to eat the entire mixture; the equivalent of the amount of
Terumah that fell in must first be removed.
(b) If the percentage of Terumah that fell into the Chulin was greater than
one in one hundred, the mixture is known as *Meduma* (lit. mixed) and is
forbidden to be eaten by non-Kohanim.
(c) According to Tosfos in Chulin 99a DH Ein, this law applies only if the
Terumah was the same type of food as the Chulin; otherwise Terumah is Batel
just like any other Isur.
8) [line 32] CHASICHAH B'CHASICHOS - a piece [of the edible parts of
Korbanos Chatas that is Tamei that became] mixed up with [100] pieces [of
the edible parts of Korbanos Chatas that are Tehorim]
9) [line 33] KOL SHE'DARKO LIMANOS SHANINU/ ES SHE'DARKO LIMANOS
(a) KOL SHE'DARKO LI'MANOS - anything that is *occasionally* counted does
not become annulled when mixed into a larger amount, due to its importance.
(b) ES SHE'DARKO LI'MANOS - something that is *usually* counted does not
become annulled when mixed into a larger amount, due to its importance. See
Chart and Insights.
10) [line 34] CHAVILEI TILTAN - bundles of fenugreek (O.F. fenogre)
11) [last line] KIL'EI HA'KEREM
(a) It is forbidden to plant different types of crops together as it states
in the Torah, "Sadecha Lo Sizra Kil'ayim," - "Do not plant different species
(together) in your field." (Vayikra 19:19), and "Lo Sizra Karmecha Kil'ayim,
Pen Tikdash ha'Melei'ah ha'Zera Asher Tizra u'Sevu'as ha'Karem." - "You
shall not sow your vineyard with other species, lest the fruit of the seed
which you have sown, and the fruit of the vineyard, be forfeited." (Devarim
22:9). If one sows Kil'ayim, the produce becomes prohibited ('Kidesh,' from
the word in the verse, 'Tikdash').
(b) The Mishnayos in Maseches Kil'ayim specify the distance that one must
leave in between different crops.
81b---------------------------------------81b
12) [line 4] EGOZEI PERECH - (a) nuts that grow in Perech (RASHI); (b) nuts
with a thin, brittle shell (Nifrachin) (TOSFOS)
13) [line 5] RIMONEI BADAN - pomegranates that grow in Badan, a place in
Samaria known for its pomegranates
14) [line 5] CHAVIYOS SESUMOS - sealed barrels of wine and oil (RABBEINU
CHANANEL to Beitzah 3b)
15) [line 5] CHILFEI TERADIN - the young shoots of beets growing out of the
root
16) [line 6] KOLCHEI KERUV - stalks of large cabbages
17) [line 6] DELA'AS YEVANIS - the Greek gourd
18) [line 7] KIKAROS - loaves of bread
19) [line 7] ORLAH
(a) In the first three years after a fruit tree is planted, its fruits are
called Orlah and are Asurim b'Hana'ah, as it states in Vayikra 19:23.
(b) If a person eats a k'Zayis of Orlah fruit, he receives Malkos. If he
derives benefit from Orlah (or any other food that is Asur b'Hana'ah),
according to most Rishonim he is punished with Malkos (TOSFOS Chulin 120a DH
Ela), while according to others, he is only punished with Makas Mardus, a
Rabbinic institution of Malkos. (RAMBAM Hilchos Ma'achalos Asuros 8:16 --
see also Mishneh l'Melech to Yesodei ha'Torah 5:8)
20) [line 13] LECHEM HA'PANIM
(a) The Lechem ha'Panim (Showbread) is an offering of 12 loaves (that are
Matzah) which are arranged in two stacks (Sedarim), six loaves to each
stack, on the Golden Table of the Mishkan or Beis ha'Mikdash. Fresh loaves
were arranged on the Table every Shabbos and are left there until the
following Shabbos. The Kohanim eat the loaves that are removed. (Vayikra
24:5-9).
(b) The loaves are separated by wooden racks (*Kanin*) to allow air to
circulate so that the bread will not spoil.
(c) A Kometz (the amount that will fit under the middle three fingers when
they are pressed upon the palm) of Levonah (frankincense) is placed
alongside each stack in a Bazach (bowl). Only the Levonah is offered on the
Mizbe'ach. The offering of the Levonah permits the loaves to be eaten.
21) [last line] B'NIMOCHAH - when it is disintegrated, mashed beyond
recognition
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