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1) A SWAYING MECHITZAH (cont'd)

(a) Question: We find that standing sheaves surrounding a person create a Mechitzah, and surely they sway in the wind!?
(b) Answer: Here, too, we are speaking where the sheaves have been tied up so that they cannot sway.

(a) Those en route to perform a Mitzvah are exempt from Sukah, as are those who are ill and their attendants.
(b) One is permitted to snack outside of the Sukah.

(a) Question: What is the source for the Din of Osek B'Mitzvah Patur Min HaMitzvah?
(b) Answer: The Beraisa learns from BeShivtecha BiVeisecha that one who is doing a Mitzvah is Patur from Shema.

1. The Beraisa lists others who are exempt from Shema.
2. Also included are a groom on the day of his marriage to a Besulah (but not to an Almanah).

(c) Question: How does this Pasuk infer an exemption to the Osek B'Mitzvah?
(d) Answer (R. Huna): The word Derech implies that the obligation is only upon one who is traveling for his personal needs, not for a Mitzvah.
(e) Question: But surely Derech can also refer to (and obligate) one who is travelling for Mitzvah needs!?
(f) Answer: The suffix of Uv'Lechtecha implies personal travel, not Mitzvah travel.
(g) Question: Then one who marries an Almanah (a Mitzvah) should also be exempt!?
(h) Answer: He is not preoccupied as is one who marries a Besulah.
(i) Question: If every preoccupation creates an exemption, then one who is in sorrow over his financial loss should be similarly exempt!?

1. Answer: Perhaps this is true.
2. Question: But we know that a mourner is obligated in all Mitzvos except Tefilin (based on the Pasuk in Yechezkel which refers to Pe'er)?

(j) Answer: A groom is exempt due to his preoccupation with a Mitzvah.

(k) Question: But the source for the exemption of Osek B'Mitzvah is learned from the exemption from Korban Pesach given to those who were involved in the Mitzvah of burying Nadav and Avihu!?

1. The Beraisa asks who were those who were Tameh and unable to bring the Korban Pesach such that they were given Pesach Sheni?
2. (R. Yosi HaGelili) The pallbearers of Yosef HaTzadik.
3. (R. Akiva) Mishael and Eltzafan, who buried Nadav and Avihu.
4. Question (R. Yitzhok): These should have been able to use the Parah Adumah and become Tahor in time to bring the Korban!?
5. Answer: Rather, they were dealing with a Mes Mitzvah, and the seventh day of the Taharah occurred on Erev Pesach, such that they were unable to participate in the Korban that day.

(l) Answer: We need both sources (Pesach and Krias Shema).

1. From Pesach alone we might have exempted only one who became preoccupied prior to the arrival of his obligation (as they became Tameh before the Pesach could have been brought).
2. From Krias Shema alone we might only exempt one from an obligation which does not carry a Kares.

(a) Question: How does the Pasuk in Yechezkel exempt a mourner from Tefilin?
(b) Answer (R. Aba b. Zavda citing Rav): The Pasuk obligates Yechezkel in his mourning to be unlike all other mourners and to wear his Tefilin, implying the exemption to all other mourners.

1. This exemption only applies on the first day.
2. This is derived from "Yom Mar" implying the first bitter day.

(a) (R. Aba b. Zavda citing Rav) An Avel is obligated to dwell in the Sukah.
(b) Question: Is this not obvious?
(c) Answer: We might have exempted him as a Mitztaer (he suffers from the obligation not to sit dark and alone in his mourning).

1. The exemption of Mitztaer only applies to discomfort caused by the Sukah.
2. Here his discomfort is from within himself, and he must set his mind right to do the Mitzvah.

(a) (R. Aba b. Zavda citing Rav) A Chasan and the wedding party are exempt from Sukah for seven days.

1. Question: Why should this be so?
2. Answer: Because they are engaged in the Mitzvah of rejoicing with the Chasan.
3. Question: Then let them eat and rejoice in the Sukah?
4. Answer: The joy is centered on the Chupah, and is not to be taken away from there.
5. Question: Then let them eat in the Sukah and rejoice at the Chupah?
6. Answer: The rejoicing surrounds the Seudah.

(b) Question: Let them make the Chupah in the Sukah!?
(c) Answer (Abaye): We are concerned lest someone violate the prohibition of Yichud.
(d) Answer (Rava): We are concerned for the embarrassment of the Chasan.
(e) Question: What difference will derive from their dispute?
(f) Answer: A case where many people are around, thus obviating the problem of Yichud, but leaving the embarrassment of the Chasan.
(g) R. Zeira reported that he ate and rejoiced in the Sukah (all the moreso because of the double Mitzvah).