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Sukah Chart #5

Sukah Daf 17a-b

THE AMOUNT OF OPEN SPACE AND INVALID SECHACH
WHICH WILL INVALIDATE THE SUKAH
  (A)
RABANAN D'BEI RAV (SURA)
SHMUEL (NEHERDA'A) 		(B)
RABAH (SURA)
RAV (NEHERDA'A)
OPEN SPACE
1) LESS THAN 3
TEFACHIM 		Valid(1) Valid(1)
2) 3 TEFACHIM Invalid Invalid
INVALID SECHACH
3) LESS THAN 3
TEFACHIM 		Valid Valid
4) 3-4 TEFACHIM Large Sukah: Valid(2)
Small Sukah: Invalid(3) 		Large Sukah: Valid(2)
Small Sukah: Invalid(3)
5) 4 TEFACHIM Middle: Invalid(4)
Near the wall: valid
(until 4 Amos)(6)		 Valid (until 4 Amos)(5)
==========
FOOTNOTES:
==========
(1) This is because the principle of Lavud applies. However, when the gap in the Sechach is in the *middle* of the Sukah's roof (as opposed to on the side, near a wall), and it extends from one side to the other, cutting the Sukah in half, one opinion (18a) invalidates the Sukah, for he holds that Lavud does not apply in such a case (that is, to extend the horizontal Sechach, in contrast to the vertical wall).
(2) It is permitted to even sleep and eat beneath this area of the Sukah.
(3) Since it is no longer small enough for Lavud to apply, it is considered a significant area by itself and it does not join to complete the Sechach of the Sukah. Therefore, a Sukah which does not have an area of Sechach at least 7 X 7 Tefachim apart from the invalid Sechach is considered a small Sukah and is Pasul due to the invalid Sechach (MAGEN AVRAHAM OC 632).
(4) This is because it is a significant area by itself (RASHI 17b, DH Haflagah). RASHI writes later (18a, DH sh'Ein Bah) that it is permitted to even sleep and eat beneath this area of the Sukah (because it is Batel to the rest of the Sukah, which is valid), but the RA'AVAD argues that if it is more than three Tefachim, one may not eat under it (see Insights).
(5) According to these Amora'im, there is no such Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai of "Dofen Akumah." Rather, they hold that there is a Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai stating that this is the amount of invalid Sechach that will invalidate a Sukah (RASHI 17b, DH Mishum).
(6) Although the Sukah is valid, one may not sit under the Sechach Pasul if it is more than four Tefachim wide.

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