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1) [line 1] YORDIN L'YEDEI TUM'AH B'MACHSHAVAH
(a) A utensil is considered ready to receive Tum'ah only after it is completely finished. If the artisan only *decided* that the utensil needs no more work, it is considered complete and may become Tamei. If the artisan decides to do more work on the utensil, it remains Tami until an *action* is performed on the utensil that makes his intention clear.
(b) The action that must be performed to change the status of a utensil must be an action that renders the utensil unfit for its original purpose. For example, if a tanner decided to use a hide as a rug, it may become Tamei from that moment on. If he then changes his mind and decides to make shoes out of it, it remains in its current status until he begins to cut the hide for shoes.

2) [line 2] SHINUY MA'ASEH - an action that changes an object into a new form, and gives it a new purpose

3a) [line 6] B'MACHSHAVAH NA'ASEH - (lit. they came into being through an intention) when the person cut the stalks with the intention to use the grain as food, the stem of the stalks received the status of a "Yad" through his *intention* (see Background to Sukah 13:22)
b) [line 7] UV'MACHSHAVAH SALKA - (lit. and with a different intention, they can be taken out [of the status created]) and when the person changes his mind and now *intends* to use the stalks as Sechach, the status of a Yad is cancelled

4) [line 8] SHE'BESASAN - the Gemara below, on line 16, brings a dispute as to the meaning of this word: (a) Rebbi Elazar explains that it means that he untied the rope binding the stems together; (b) Rebbi Yochanan explains that it means that he crushed them (O.F. maciedes - beaten, threshed)

5) [line 14] U'RE'UYOS L'HOFCHAN B'ESER - that they are fit to be turned over with a pitchfork (O.F. forches - pitchfork)

6) [line 14] CHAZYA L'CHI SASAR L'MINKAT LEHU B'GILAIHU - they are fit for use when he takes apart his Sukah and wishes to hold the ears of grain by the straw (their stem)

7) [line 22] NESARIM - boards
8) [line 24] GEZEIRAS TIKRAH - it is forbidden because of a Rabbinical decree that a person will sit under one's ceiling (which is also made of boards)

9) [line 30] TORAS LAVUD
(a) The Torah requires Mechitzos (partitions) for various Halachos (e.g. for Reshus ha'Yachid of Shabbos and for Sukah). A Mechitzah must be ten Tefachim high and enclose an area of four by four Tefachim.
(b) A Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai states that even though the Mechitzah is not complete, there are times when we may consider it complete for Halachic purposes (Sukah 5b).
(c) One of these cases is Lavud (lit. a branch or connection). This Halachah states that when there are not three full Tefachim between the Mechitzah and the surface (or object) next to, above or below it, we consider it to be a complete Mechitzah in which the surfaces or objects are connected without any gaps. (The space that is provided by the Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai of Lavud is measured along with and as a part of the existing segment of the partition.)
(d) The Halachah l'Moshe mi'Sinai of Lavud also applies to the Sechach of a Sukah, filling in any gaps that are less than three Tefachim wide.

10) [line 26] MIRPESES - a balcony, a landing
11) [line 32] PESEL - the residue that is left after threshing grain and pressing grapes, which is permitted to be used as Sechach

12) [line 41] SHEPUDIN SHEL MATECHES - metal spits, rods (that are not permitted to be used as Sechach under any circumstances)

13) [line 42] LO AMRI LECHU, (AMREI) [IMRU] KAVASI? - did I not tell you that you should rule like my opinion? [alt., LO AMRI LECHU, AMAR KAVASI? did I not tell you that he would rule like my opinion? (See Dikdukei Sofrim #2)]

14) [line 44] U'MI BE'ISU MINAI TA'AMA? - did you ever ask me the reason for my opinion?

15) [line 47] KEDEI SHE'YIZDAKER BAH GEDI B'VAS ROSH - so that a goat will be able to leap through with one headlong rush, i.e. a gap of three Tefachim

*16*) [line 52] A'PUMA D'METALALTA - above the entrance (i.e. the fourth, open, side) of the Sukah, along which no wall runs. Since the fourth Tefach of the board is not separated from the Sukah by a wall, the board is viewed as a four-Tefach board, rather than a three-Tefach board, and the Sukah is invalidated because of Gezeiras Tikrah. [The Sukah under discussion is a seven-Tefachim-by-seven-Tefachim Sukah. That is why the entire Sukah is invalidated if the board is considered to be invalid Sechach, since the Sechach without the board measures less than the minimum Shi'ur for a Sukah.]

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