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1) DISQUALIFYING CHULIN

1. Suggestion: Perhaps he holds that we cannot learn from a Tevul Yom, for a Tevul Yom can be a source of Tum'ah.
2. Rejection: He learns from a Mechusar Kipurim, even though a Mechusar Kipurim also can be a source of Tum'ah!

(b) (Rav Asi): The following Tana'im all hold that a 2nd degree Tum'ah cannot make a 3rd degree Tum'ah by Chulin: R. Meir, R. Yosi, R. Yehoshua, R. Elazar, and R. Eliezer.

1. R. Meir - (as he says in a Mishnah): Anyone that must immerse mid'Rabanan makes Kodshim Tamei (to Posel other Kodshim), makes Terumah Pasul, and is Tahor regarding Chulin and Ma'aser (Sheni);

i. Chachamim say, he is forbidden to Ma'aser.

2. R. Yosi - we see from our Beraisa that he holds that there is no 3rd degree of Tum'ah by Chulin.

i. If there would be, he would learn from his Kal va'Chomer that there is a 4th degree of Tum'ah by Terumah, and a 5th degree by Kodshim.

3. R. Yehoshua - (as in a Mishnah - R. Eliezer): One who eats 1st degree Tamei food becomes 1st degree Tamei; one who eats 2nd degree food becomes 2nd degree Tamei; 3rd degree, he becomes 3rd degree;

i. R. Yehoshua says, one who eats 1st or 2nd degree Tamei food becomes 2nd degree Tamei; one who eats 3rd degree food becomes 2nd degree Tamei regarding Kodshim, but he is not Tamei regarding Terumah.
ii. The 3rd degree food he may eat (on which was decreed that he is 2nd degree Tamei regarding Kodshim) is Chulin which he guards as Terumah.
iii. If the Chulin was guarded as Kodshim (it is as regular Chulin) and there is no decree (because there is no 3rd degree by Chulin)!
iv. (Rashi's text - But by regular Chulin there is no decree (because there is no 3rd degree by Chulin)!
v. We see, R. Yehoshua says that there is no 3rd degree by Chulin.

4. R. Elazar - (as he says in a Beraisa): A food that is 1st degree Tum'ah, whether it is Chulin, Terumah, or Kodshim - it makes 2 levels of Kodshim Tamei and a 3rd level Pasul;

i. It makes 1 level of Terumah Tamei and a 2nd level Pasul;
ii. It makes 1 level of Chulin Pasul.

5. R. Eliezer - (as he says in a Mishnah): Tahor Chalah may be taken on Tamei dough;

i. If one has a Tahor dough and a Tamei dough - he takes the proper amount for Chalah from a dough Teve to Chalah (i.e. Chalah has not yet been taken on it), and puts dough less than the volume of an egg between and touching the 2 pieces of dough, so the separation will be on connected pieces of dough;

ii. Chachamim forbid taking Chalah this way.

6. Contradiction (Beraisa): One puts an egg's worth of dough between the doughs.

i. Assumption: In both Beraisos, the Tamei dough is 1st degree Tum'ah; the Tana holds that dough Tevel to Chalah is not considered as Chalah (i.e. it does not acquire 3rd degree Tum'ah);
ii. Suggestion: The Tana of the Mishnah holds that Chulin receives 3rd degree Tum'ah (therefore, he may not put an egg's worth of dough in between, for this would become 2nd degree Tamei and make the other dough 3rd degree Tamei); the Tana of the Beraisa holds that Chulin does not receive 3rd degree Tum'ah.

7. Answer #1 (Rav Mari brei d'Rav Kahana): No - all hold that Chulin does not receive 3rd degree Tum'ah; they argue whether dough Tevel to Chalah is considered as Chalah.

i. The Tana of the Mishnah holds that it is; the Tana of the Beraisa holds that it is not.

8. Answer #2: All hold that dough Tevel to Chalah is not considered as Chalah, and that Chulin does not receive 3rd degree Tum'ah; they argue whether it is permitted to make Chulin Tamei in Eretz Yisrael.

i. The Tana of the Mishnah holds that it is forbidden; the Tana of the Beraisa holds that it is permitted.

(c) (Mishnah): On that day, R. Akiva expounded ...
(d) Question: On what do they argue?
(e) Answer: R. Akiva holds that the prohibition to go far from a city on Shabbos is mid'Oraisa; R. Yosi ha'Galili holds that it is mid'Rabanan.

(a) (Beraisa): On that day, R. Akiva expounded: when Yisrael came ashore after crossing the sea, they put their eyes to sing;

1. Moshe and Yisrael sang as a Chazan leading the congregation in Hallel: they answered the start of the chapter.

i. Moshe sang "I will sing to Hash-m"; they answered, "I will sing to Hash-m";
ii. Moshe sang "For he is greatly exalted"; they answered, "I will sing to Hash-m";

2. R. Eliezer, son of R. Yosi ha'Galili says, as a minor leading the congregation in Hallel - they repeated everything Moshe said.

i. Moshe sang "I will sing to Hash-m"; they answered, "I will sing to Hash-m";
ii. Moshe sang "For he is greatly exalted"; they answered, "For he is greatly exalted"; 3. R. Nechemyah says, as a teacher leading the congregation in the blessings of Shema Yisrael; Moshe began, and they continued.

(b) Question: On what do they argue?
(c) Answer: R. Akiva expounds "(Then Moshe sang and Benei Yisrael...and they said) saying" - they kept saying the first thing Moshe said;

1. R. Eliezer, son of R. Yosi ha'Galili says "Saying" refers to everything Moshe said;

i. R. Nechemyah says, "And they said" - they all said together; "Saying" - Moshe began for them.

(d) (Beraisa - R. Yosi ha'Galili): When Yisrael alighted from the sea, they put their eyes to sing; an infant on his mother's knees, a baby nursing - when they saw the Divine Presence, the infant raised his neck, the baby stopped nursing and they sang "This is my G-d and I will glorify him";

1. We learn this from "From the mouth of infants and nursing babies, you established strength".

(e) R. Meir says, even fetuses in the womb sang - "In congregations, bless Hash-m from the source of Yisrael".