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1)

(a) A Muktzah - is a storehouse behind the house where they stored wood.

(b) If the author of the Mishnah in Beitzah 'Maschilin ba'Areimas ha'Teven' would be Rebbi Yehudah - then we would have to establish it by straw that began to smell already before Shabbos and that was no longer fit for animals, only to be used as fuel.

(c) According to Rebbi Yochanan ...

1. ... 'Aval Lo be'Eitzim she'be'Muktzah' - speaks by types of cedar-wood, which are initially designated for building (and not for firewood). Consequently, they are Muktzah Machmas Chesaron Kis - a category of Muktzah with which even Rebbi Shimon agrees.
2. ... 'Maschilin 'ba'Areimas ha'Teven' - speaks even if the straw was fit for animals before Shabbos entered.

(a) It was common to water the animals before Shechting them, to facilitate the subsequent skinning process.

(b) 'Midbari'os' - are animals that would graze outside the Techum, but would return overnight; 'Baysos' would graze inside the Techum, too - The former are Muktzah, because the owners took their minds off them.

(c) The author of this Mishnah in Beitzah - must be Rebbi Yehudah, who holds of Muktzah.

(d) The Mishnah in Beitzah, which forbids chopping up beams that were designated for building purposes, and a beam which broke on Yom-Tov - may well be a Stam Mishnah (like which Rebbi Yochanan always concurs); however, Rebbi Yochanan has another Stam Mishnah (above on Daf 143a), which holds like Rebbi Shimon. The Mishnah there quotes Beis Shamai as saying that one may remove the bones and the shells from the table, and Beis Hillel disagrees. Rebbi Yochanan agrees with Rav Nachman, who inverts the opinions. According to him, it is *Beis Hillel* who permits the removal of bones and shells from the table, and *Beis Shamai* who forbids it - and Beis Hillel is considered a Stam Mishnah (even when they argue with Beis Shamai).

(a) One Amora rules like Rebbi Yehudah by 'Muktzah Machmas Mi'us' - the other, by 'Muktzah Machmas Isur' (i.e. a lamp which was lit for that Shabbos).

(b) Rebbi Shimon agrees - that 'Muktzah Machmas Chesaron Kis' is Muktzah.

(c) The two examples of 'Muktzah Machmas Chesaron Kis' listed by the Mishnah - are a large saw and the peg (coulter) of a plow.

(a) '*Mefirin Nedarim*' - refers to *a husband* (or a father) nullifying *his wife'*s (or daughter's) vows; whereas '*ve'Nish'alin li'Nedarim*' - refers to a *Rav* (who is an expert, or three individuals) nullifying *anybody*'s vows.

(b) A Rav may nullify vows that concern (Oneg) Shabbos.

(c)

1. ...'Pokekin es ha'Ma'or' - means that one is permitted to put a window-stopper (such as shutters) in place on Shabbos.
2. ... 'Modedin es ha'Matlis' - means to measure a piece of cloth to see whether it is three by three finger-breadths (in which case it will be fit to be Mekabel Tum'ah), or not.
3. ... 'Modedin es ha'Mikvah' - means to measure a Mikvah to see whether it is three Amos deep and fills an area of an Amah by an Amah, or not.

(a) In the days of Rebbi Tzadok's father and of Aba Shaul ben Botnis - they stopped up the window with an earthenware pitcher and tied a small earthenware jar (one Tefach wide) with a reed (to know whether or not, there was an opening of a Tefach in the crack of the barrel - which we will discuss later).

(b) We learn from this episode - that one is permitted to stop up a window (to add to a casual Ohel), to measure (for a matter of Mitzvah) and to tie a (temporary) knot on Shabbos.

(a) A husband may be permitted to nullify even his wife's vows which are *not* necessary for Shabbos - because he may possibly only be permitted to nullify them until nightfall, in which case, nullifying the vow cannot be delayed.

(b) If 'le'Tzorech Shabbos' in our Mishnah also refers to Hafaras Nedarim - this signifies that Hafaras Nedarim may be performed for a full twenty-four hours (and not just until night-fall), thereby giving the husband so many hours after Shabbos to nullify the vow.

(c) If the wife made a vow on Friday night - then he has the rest of the night and the entire day in which to nullify it (that is what the Mishnah means by 'Lehakel'); whereas if she made the vow just before nightfall on Shabbos afternoon - he only has the few remaining minutes until nightfall (Lehachmir).
Note: We are assuming that the husband heard his wife made the vow. Otherwise, he has until nightfall or twenty-four hours from the time that he hears about it.

(d) The Gemara concludes - that whether the husband has only until nightfall to nullify his wife's vows, or whether he has a full twenty-four hours, is in fact a Machlokes Tana'im; the Tana Kama (of the Berasisa) gives him only until nightfall, whereas, according to Rebbi Yossi b'Rebbi Yehudah and Rebbi Elazar b'Rebbi Shimon, he has a full twenty-four hours.

8)

(a) The body was lying underneath a barrel on a narrow path between two houses. The barrel filled the space between the two houses.

(b) They were trying to discover whether the crack in the barrel was one Tefach wide. If it was, then, when the person died, the Tum'ah would simply travel up through the crack in the barrel, and not enter the houses at the side - via the windows; if not, it would indeed enter the houses, and render Tamei whoever and whatever was inside the house.

(c) They stopped up the windows - just in case the man died, and the crack in the barrel turned out to be less than a Tefach wide.

(d) They used specifically a reed to tie to the pitcher - because a reed is animal food, which one would not be Mevatel there permanently (since a permanent knot is certainly forbidden) - and besides, a reed will become brittle when it dries and just snap, so that anyway, a knot in a reed is never permanent.