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1)

(a) A 'Kavla de'Avda' is a badge worn by a slave, to mark his status.

(b) According to Shmuel, our Mishnah speaks about a badge that the slave attached himself, and which he is therefore not afraid to remove from his neck and carry; whereas *he* is speaking about one which *his master* attached, which he will not dare remove.

(c) It is precisely *because* he is afraid of his master, that Shmuel forbids him to go out with a clay badge sewn to his clothes - even if his master attached it. Why?
Because the badge may break, and, afraid that his master might notice it, he will fold up his cloak to cover the tear, and someone who walks in the street on Shabbos, with his clothes folded up to his shoulders (which is not the normal way of wearing clothes) is Chayav Chatas.

(d) Shmuel nevertheless permitted Rav Chinena bar Shilo to go out with the standard cloak to which the badge of subservience was normally attached, even though he forbade all other Rabbanan to do so, due to the favt that Rab Chinena bar Shilo was favored by the Head of the Galus, and would not take to task for going without his badge, should it have broken off.

(a) Until now, we have been dealing with badges made of *clay*, and it is there that we allowed a slave to go out provided it was his Master who placed it around his neck. The reason for this is because, even if the badge were to break, there would be no point in taking the broken pieces home (since the pieces are valueless). This would not, however, apply to a metal badge. If a metal badge (which has a certain value) were to break, the slave would take the badge home, to have it repaired. Consequently, it is always forbidden for a slave to go out wearing a metal badge, even with one which his master placed around his neck.

(b) The badge of a slave is not subject to Tum'ah, because it is not an ornament (which we learn from the vessels which they brought back from Midyan), but is a symbol of degradation.

(c) 'Zeh ve'Zeh, Ein Mekablin Tum'ah', implies automatically, that it is badges that are not subject to Tum'ah, but that *vessels* made of the same material as the badges, would indeed be. Now if the Beraisa was talking about *clay* badges, then (seeing as the clay that was used for making badges was plain clay, which had not been strengthened in a furnace), other vessels would not be subject to Tum'ah either, since clay vessels that have not been manufactured in a furnace, are not subject to Tum'ah. Consequently, this Beraisa must be talking about *metal* badges; other metal vessels, of course, *are* subject to Tum'ah.

(d) Vessels made of stone, animal manure (others explain 'K'lei Gelalim' to mean marble - see Gilyon ha'Shas) and clay (that has not been baked in a furnace), are not subject to Tum'ah - even mi'de'Rabbanan.

4)

(a) One may not allow an animal to go out with a clay seal, whether it is tied around its neck or attached to its apparel.

(b) Nor may one allow it to go out with a bell, whether it is tied around its neck or attached to its apparel.

5)

(a) A bell fixed to a door is not subject to Tum'ah, because the door and the house cannot become Tamei, since they are attached to the ground, and whatever is joined to the ground is not subject to Tum'ah. Consequently, the bell is not subject to Tum'ah either, because whatever is attached to something has the same Din as the object to which it is attached.

(b) No! If the bell was Tamei when he fixed it to the door, it does not lose its Tum'ah. Why not?
Because, since he made no change to the bell itself, his fixing it to the door is no stringer than a Machshavah, and we have already learnt that a Machshavah does not have the power to detract from the original act of construction; for that, one needs a fresh *act* - something which changes the structure of the article. And until such an act has been performed, the bell will remain Tamei.

(c) "Kol *Davar* Asher Yavo ba'Esh, Ta'aviru ba'Esh" teaches us that even a vessel whose function is to make a noise, is subject to the Dinim of Tum'ah like any other vessel.

(d) Consequently, the Beraisa, which rules that whether the bell is hanging around the animal's neck or whether it is attached to its apparel, it is not subject to Tum'ah, must be referring to a bell whose striker has been removed, which is therefore not a K'li.

(a)

1. Chazal have taught that a noise is good for spices, which explains why they would attach a bell to a spice-mixer.
2. The bell on a baby's cot was there to lull the baby to sleep.
3. And the bell on the Sefer-Torah mantle used in the children's Cheder, was to call the children to Cheder.

(b) All of these bells were only subject to Tum'ah as long as their strikers were attached (since their sole function was for the noise).

(c) Bells worn by grown-ups were subject to Tum'ah even when they had no striker, because their function was purely ornamental.

(a) If a baby's bell would retain its Tum'ah, because 'even a novice can put it together', then how could the Beraisa say 'ha'Zug ve'ha'Inbal Chibur', which suggests that, when the striker has been removed, the bell is incomplete (irrespective of the fact that anybody can put it together)?

(b) The Gemara tries to say that what the Beraisa means is that they are considered joined, even when they are *not* (because it is easy to put them together - like Abaye says).

(c) If the blades of the scissors and the knife of the plane *are* considered joined (to make them one vessel) for Tum'ah, then why is their being joined *not* effective with regard to the Haza'ah. If, on the other hand, they are *not* considered joined for Haza'ah, then why *are* they considered joined for Tum'ah?
The Gemara answers that in fact, whilst the two parts are in use, they are considered joined min ha'Torah - as regards both Tum'ah and Ha'za'ah. When not in use, they are not considered joined at all - not regarding the one nor regarding the other. And it is the Rabbanan who declared regarding Tum'ah (to render them joined even when they are *not* in use - because of when they *are*; and regarding Haza'ah (to consider them not joined, even when they *are* - because of when they are *not*.)

(d) In any event, we see that the Beraisa is speaking about when the sections *are* joined, thereby substantiating Rava's Kashya on Abaye, and refuting the contention in b.

(a) According to Rava, the bell remains Tamei even without the striker, because one can still ring with it by banging on it with a piece of clay.

(b) The striker however, loses its Tum'ah, since it is no longer fit for use.