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1) [line 2] TACHAS KENAFAV - underneath his cloak
2) [line 21] HA'MEFIS MURSA - one who squeezes an abscess
3) [line 21] LA'ASOS LAH PEH - to make an opening for it (for the removal of any puss which forms in the future)

4) [line 22] LEICHAH - puss

5) [line 30] SHEMONAH SHERATZIM (Based on Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan's "The Living Torah")

[1] CHOLED -

weasel [alt., a martin or an ermine (ARUCH), a rat (TARGUM, TOSFOS YOM TOV), mole or mole-rat (ARUCH), or field mouse (TARGUM YONASAN)]. According to the Gemara, it is a predatory animal that bores under the ground and undermines houses.

[2] ACHBAR -

mouse; some sources appear to include also the rat

[3] TZAV -

ferret; according to the Septuagint it is the land crocodile (perhaps the monitor - see KO'ACH) which follows the Talmudic sources that liken it to a salamander or snake. Others identify it with the toad (RASHI) or the tortoise (ME'AM LOEZ). [From the Mishnah (Taharos 5:1, see commentaries), it appears that it is similar in appearance to a frog. -MK]

[4] ANAKAH -

hedgehog; alt., beaver (RADAK). [The Septuagint translates it as a mole, shrew mouse or field mouse.] Rabeinu Sa'adya Gaon translates it as a gecko, which is up to five inches long with a soft speckled hide; "Anachah" denotes groaning and the gecko makes a groaning sound.

[5] KO'ACH -

a lizard (RADAK quoting RASHI) [chameleon, according to the Septuagint.] From the translation of others it would appear to be the monitor or monitor lizard, the largest reptile in the Holy Land, growing as long as four feet. Living on the coast, the Negev, and Aravah, it eats rodents and reptiles (RADAK, RABEINU SA'ADYA GAON).

[6] LETA'AH -

lizard; alt., the white lizard, or the great gecko.

[7] CHOMET -

snail (RASHI) [alt., a lizard or the skink, a lizard with small legs of which there are four varieties in the Holy Land]

[8] TINSHEMES -

mole (Rashi Chullin 63a) [alt., a large-headed lizard that burrows underground, probably a type of gecko]

8) [last line] EIN OR ELA L'MAH SHE'MANU CHACHAMIM - the only Sheratzim with hides are the ones which the Chachamim enumerated; i.e. Anakah, Ko'ach, Leta'ah, and Chomet

*9*) [line 3] AMAR LEI RAVA - (This is the beginning of the answer to the Gemara's question -- TOSFOS DH Amar)

10) [line 13] B'SHERATZIM SHE'YESH LAHEM OROS - the four Sheratzim that have hides; i.e. Choled, Achbar, Tzav, Tinshemes

11) [line 14] SHE'EINAH CHOZERES - which does not revert to normal skin
12) [line 15] NITZRAR HA'DAM - if the blood forms a black-and-blue mark
14) [line 17] GISHTA - essence, i.e. that its hide is thick
15) [line 20] "HA'YAHAFOCH KUSHI ORO ..." - "Can the Kushite change his skin, or the leopard his spots?" (Yirmeyahu 13:23) - This is the translation of the Mefarshim to the verse. Our Gemara (and Rashi to Shemos 21:25) translates as follows: "Can the Kushite change his skin or alter his bruises?" The word "v'Namer" is read as a verb, with poetic license.

16) [line 21] RIKMEI RIKMEI - full of colored spots
17) [line 22] GAVANAV - its colors
18) [line 24] KINAH - a louse
19) [line 25] D'EINAH PARAV V'RAVAH - it does not procreate sexually
20) [line 29] KARNEI RE'EIMIM - the name of a giant beast (Rashi Avodah Zarah 3b)
21) [line 30] BEITZI CHINIM - (lit. lice eggs) At this point the Gemara assume that they are tiny lice when they come out of their eggs

22) [line 30] MINA HU D'MIKRI BEITZEI CHINIM - it is a tiny species of insect named "Beitzei Chinim"

23) [line 30] TIPUYEI - the name of a small insect
24) [line 31] PAR'OSH - a flea
25) [line 42] HA'SHOLEH - one who pulls out
26) [line 42] SENAPIRAV - its fins
27) [line 43] D'AVAD RIREI - strands of a sticky substance stretch from the fish and adhere to the fingers when the fish is touched

28) [line 44] DILDEL - he detached
29) [line 46] KESHUSA - (O.F. homlon) hops
30) [line 46] HIZMEI - (O.F. ronce) prickly shrubs or trees
31) [line 46] HIGEI - (O.F. aiglentier) prickly bushes

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