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1) [line 1] KINA - a louse
2) [line 2] A'MANAICHU - on your clothes
3) [line 2] V'LO SHALIF LECHU YARKA V'ACHIL LECHU - and you do not remove and eat one stalk [before untying the bunch]

4) [line 2] MI'KISHA D'ASIR GINA'A - out of a bunch of vegetables that were tied by a farmer

5) [line 5] MECHADEDAN SHEMA'ATEI - his teachings are very exact, sharp
6) [line 6] MOSIV LI B'MILEI D'ALMA - he discusses with me worldly matter
7) [line 7] A"L - Amar Li - [For example,] He (Rav Chisda) said to me (Rabah)
8) [line 8] B'HEDYA - quickly and forcefully
9) [line 8] LO LITRACH TEFEI - he should not press too much (O.F. prembre)
10) [line 9] KARKASHTA - large intestine
11) [line 9] A'TELAS SHINEI YASIV - is attached by three rectal muscles
12) [line 10] MISHTAMTA - become detached
13) [line 11] CHAYEI D'BERYESA - [matters that pertain to] the lives of people
14) [line 16] OGNEI CHELIM - rims of pottery vessels (which are smooth)
*15*) [line 16] TZEROR V'ASAVIM - This question applies to weekdays. However, according to the second explanation in Rashi, it applies to Shabbos.

16) [line 20] RU'ACH RA'AH - that is, bad breath
17) [line 20] RU'ACH ZUHAMA - that is, body odor
18) [line 26] LO MAFNEI - he will not defecate
19) [line 27] D'SHAFACH KI'KEDEIRAH - he defecated as if a pot were being emptied of its liquid contents

20) [line 30] PATZIM - boards
21) [line 30] LACHTOS - to stoke
22) [line 32] "V'LO YIMATZE BI'MCHITASO CHERES LACHTOS ESH MI'YAKUD, V'LACHSOF MAYIM MI'GEVE" - "[And He shall break it as the breaking of the potter's vessel that is smashed in pieces; He shall not have pity;] and there will not be found in its destruction a shard sufficient for taking fire from the hearth, or for taking water out of the cistern" (Yeshayahu 30:14) - The prophet describes the destruction of the ten tribes of Yisrael because of their sins, which included putting their trust in mere mortals (the Egyptians) and not in HaSh-m.

23) [line 35] UMI'KERA - and from the Pasuk it is proven
24) [line 36] LAYIT LEI B'MANA ZUTRA - he [first] curses them that they should not have small utensils

25) [line 37] LACHTOS ESH ME'YEKIDAH, GEDOLAH - stoking a fire, always requires a large potsherd (RASHI)

26) [line 39] D'LO LISHTAKE'ACH LEI - will not be found

27) [line 42] AMAR REBBI AKIVA - see Insights for an explanation of what this is doing here

28) [line 42] MASA
One of the actions through which Tum'ah is transferred is called Masa (carrying). A person who carries an object that is an Av ha'Tum'ah (unles it is a Sheretz) becomes a Rishon l'Tum'ah. In addition, any clothes he is wearing, or objects (except for earthenware utensils) he is touching, while carrying the Av ha'Tum'ah becomes a Rishon l'Tum'ah.

29) [line 43] "TIZREM KEMO DAVAH, TZE TOMAR LO" - "[You shall also defile the silver plating of your carved idols, and the golden ornaments of your molten images;] you shall cast them away as a menstrual thing, you shall say to it, 'Get out of here!'" (Yeshayahu 30:22) - The prophet describes the process of repentance that will take place among the Jews. All of their idols will be defiled and cast away.

30) [line 43] NIDAH
(a) By Torah Law, a woman who has her period is a Nidah for seven days. It makes no difference whether she saw blood only one time or for the entire seven days. At the end of seven days, after nightfall, she can immerse in a Mikvah to become Tehorah if she has stopped seeing blood. (If she sees blood during the following eleven days, she becomes a Zavah.)

(b) A Nidah, like a Zav or Zavah or Yoledes, can cause objects that are *under* her to become Avos ha'Tum'ah whether she touches them or not. The objects become Tamei Midras (lit. an object that is treaded upon), otherwise known as Mishkav or Moshav ha'Nidah (or the *Tachton*, of a Nidah.) An object under a Nidah becomes a Midras only if it was made for lying, sitting, or leaning upon. Earthenware objects (Klei Cheres) cannot become Midras.

(c) A person who *touches* (Maga) or *carries* (Masa) either a Midras or the Nidah herself, along with the clothes he is wearing and other utensils (except for earthenware utensils) that he is touching at the time, get the status of Rishon l'Tum'ah.

(d) Utensils or clothes which lie *above* the Nidah also get the status of a Rishon l'Tum'ah, whether they touch her or not. These are called the *Elyon* of a Nidah.

*31*) [line 44] SAMUCH L'AVODAH ZARAH - that is, he had a wall next to a house of Avodah Zarah, where the house itself was an Avodah Zarah that was worshipped (RAMBAN, RASHI Avodah Zarah 47b)

32) [line 1] NIDON MECHETZAH AL MECHETAZAH - [if the Jew had a wall in common with a house of Avodah Zarah,] he begins to measure the four Amos from the center of the fallen wall (lit. it is judged half and half, i.e. half for the Jew and half for the Avodah Zarah).

33) [line 6] NAKRINHU MINECH - estrange and distance them from you

34) [line 9] EVEN MESAMA
(a) RASHI explains that Even Mesama is a stone that is set up on poles or supports, such that the clothes or utensils underneath it do not touch it.
(b) TOSFOS, quoting RABEINU TAM, hold that it is a stone that is so heavy that there is no recognizable pressure on the clothing or utensils under it due to the Nidah who is on it.
(c) RASHI (Nidah 55a) explains that it is a stone that is too heavy to move. The Nidah is on the stone and the stone is resting on clothing or utensils that become Tamei. Although the Nidah is on top of the clothing or utensils which are under the stone, since the stone is too heavy to carry, the normal Tum'as Masa does not apply to them.

35) [line 14] L'MESHAMSHEI AVODAH ZARAH
(a) It is prohibited to derive any benefit from objects used in the service of Avodah Zarah, as is learned from the verse in Devarim (7:26). Anyone who benefits from them receives Malkos two times: once for the prohibition from the above verse and once for the prohibition from the verse in Devarim (13:18).

(b) Objects of Avodah Zarah themselves and the utensils that are used in their service must be destroyed, as it states in Devarim (12:2, 7:5).

(c) The utensils that are used in the service of Avodah Zarah have a lesser degree of Tum'ah (mid'Rabanan) than Avodah Zarah itself. They can make a person Tamei through touching (Maga), but they do not transfer Tum'ah through Masa (carrying) or Even Mesama (see above, #34).

36) [line 16] EINAH L'EVARIN - the Tum'ah of Nidah does not apply to the detached limbs of a Nidah

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