REVIEW QUESTIONS ON GEMARA AND RASHI
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Sanhedrin 45
1)
(a) We already cited the D'rashah "ve'Ragmu Oso", 'Oso ve'Lo Osah'. What
do we learn from the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei (in connection with someone who
worships idols) "ve'Hotzeisa es ha'Ish ha'Hu O es ha'Ishah ha'Hi ... " that
reflects on this D'rashah?
(b) Then what *do* the Rabbanan learn from "Oso", 've'Lo Osah'?
(c) What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
(d) Why do the Rabbanan not require a woman too, to be stoned without
clothes, in order to expedite her death?
2)
(a) We learned in the Mishnah in Sotah that, in addition to loosening her
hair, the Chachamim permit a Sotah to be manhandled to the point that the
Kohen tears her clothes and exposes her body. What does Rebbi Yehudah say?
(b) How does Rabah explain the apparent discrepancy between there, where
Rebbi Yehudah is concerned with 'Hirhur' (immoral thoughts) more than the
Rabbanan, whereas here, he is less concerned than they are?
(c) Why is Rebbi Yehudah not concerned here with the people who see the
woman exposed starting up with other women?
(d) How does Rava explain the apparent discrepancy in the Rabbanan, who
require the woman to be stoned fully clothed in spite of the fact that they
do not seem to be concerned with Hirhur by a Sotah?
3)
(a) We ask why, in order to fulfill the Pasuk "ve'Nivasru Kol ha'Nashim ...
", the woman should not be put to shame in addition to being killed. How
does Rav Nachman Amar Rabah bar Avuhah answer this Kashya?
(b) In that case, why does Rebbi Yehudah require the woman to be stoned
without her clothes?
4)
(a) How high was the Beis-ha'Sekilah?
(b) Who pushed the condemned man down onto his side?
(c) What if he then rolled over so that he was facing the ground?
(d) What would they do if ...
- ... the fall did not kill him?
- ... the large stone did not kill him either?
5)
(a) Why does the Beraisa refer to the Beis ha'Sekilah as being three heights
of a person?
(b) What is the minimum height of a pit that is fit to kill?
(c) Then why does the Beis ha'Sekilah need to be the height of two people,
since much less than that can kill (and two heights is not guaranteed to
kill anyway)?
(d) In that case, why not make it higher still, to ensure that he dies even
more quickly (or perhaps to ensure that he dies)?
6)
(a) What do we learn from the Lashon in Yisro (concerning someone who
ascended Har Sinai) "Sakol (Yisakel) O Yaroh (Yiyareh)"?
(b) From where does the Tana learn that if the latter does not finish the
job, Beis-Din are obligated to employ the former?
(c) And from where does he learn that even though this is written with
regard to Har Sinai, it applies to all times?
Answers to questions
45b---------------------------------------45b
7)
(a) What problem do we have with our Mishnah, which describes how the second
witness takes the stone ... ? What does Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar in a Beraisa
say that makes this difficult to understand?
(b) We retort that the Beraisa itself needs to be understood. Why is that?
(c) How do we answer the Kashya? Who actually picks up the stone?
(d) How common was it for the community to have to 'finish the job'?
8)
(a) What does the Beraisa say about the stone used for stoning, the board on
which the condemned man was subsequently hanged, the sword with which he was
killed and the cloth with which he was strangled?
(b) What is now the problem with Rebbi Shimon ben Elazar (whom we just
quoted and) who begins with the words 'Even Haysah Sham'?
(c) How do we resolve the two Beraisos?
9)
(a) And how does Rav Papa reconcile the second Beraisa with a third Beraisa,
which states 'Lo Hayu Nikbarin Imo'?
(b) What does Shmuel learn from the Pasuk in Shoftim "Yad ha'Eidim *Tih'yeh
Bo* ba'Rishonah"?
(c) Why then, does he preclude witnesses who had no hand in the first place
from this D'rashah?
(d) The Beraisa proclaims a man Chayav Miysah if witnesses testify that
so-and-so was sentenced in such and such a Beis-Din, and that so-and-so were
the witnesses. How will Shmuel, who requires the same witnesses who saw
the crime (even with the same hands) explain this Beraisa?
10)
(a) What does the Beraisa say about a condemned man to whom Beis-Din are
unable to apply the appropriate death-penalty?
(b) Why does this pose a Kashya on Shmuel?
(c) We answer that Rotze'ach is different, because the Torah writes "Mos
Yumas". So why can we not learn all other cases from there in the form of
a 'Binyan ha'Av'?
(d) Seeing as the Pasuk has already written (in Masei) "Go'el ha'Dam Yamis
es ha'Rotze'ach", what do we learn from the Pasuk there "be'Fig'o Vo Hu
Yemisenu"?
11)
(a) From the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "ve'Safsu Bo Aviv ve'Imo" the Tana of the
Beraisa precludes the son of parents (even one parent) who have no hands,
from the Din of a ben Sorer u'Moreh, and from "ve'Hotzi'u Oso", if they have
no feet. What does he preclude from ...
- ... "ve'Amru"?
- ... "B'neinu Zeh"?
- ... "Einenu Shome'a be'Koleinu"?
(b) What did Rav Ashi reply when Mar Keshisha B'rei de'Rav Chisda asked him
why there is no proof from here that one must conform with the Pasuk as it
is written?
(c) Based on the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "ve'Hotzi'uhu el Rechov ha'Ir" (when it
could have written "el Sha'ar ha'Ir'), Rebbi Yishmael precludes a town that
has no street from the Din of Ir ha'Nidachas. What does Rebbi Akiva say?
(d) How does this Beraisa pose a Kashya on Shmuel?
12)
(a) We conclude that whether or not, we must conform with the Pasuk as it is
written or not, is in fact a Machlokes Tana'im. What does the Tana Kama
say about a Metzora who has no right thumb, right big toe or right ear?
(b) According to Rebbi Eliezer, the Kohen places the oil and the blood
where the right thumb, the right big toe and the right ear ought to be.
What does Rebbi Shimon say?
(c) With which Tana'im does Shmuel now concur?
13)
(a) In our Mishnah, Rebbi Eliezer holds that ...
- ... whoever is killed by means of Sekilah, is then hanged.
What do the Chachamim say?
- ... a man is hanged facing the people, a woman with her back towards them.
What do the Chachamim say?
(b) What did the Chachamim reply, when Rebbi Eliezer attempted to prove his
latter point from Shimon ben Shetach, who hanged eighty witches in Ashkelon?
(c) What does that prove?
14)
(a) What do we learn from the Pasuk "ve'Humas ve'Salisa"?
(b) Rebbi Eliezer extrapolates from "Ki Kilelas Elohim Taluy" that this is
confined to a Chiyuv Sekilah (like someone who cursed Hashem). According to
the Chachamim, it includes only someone who, like a Mekalel Hashem, denies
Hashem. Whom does this incorporate?
(c) We conclude that the basis of their Machlokes is whether to Darshen a
'K'lal u'Perat u'Chelal' (the Chachamim), or a 'Ribuy, Miy'ut ve'Ribuy'
(Rebbi Eliezer). What is the difference between a 'K'lal u'Perat' and a
'Ribuy u'Miy'ut'?
(d) In fact, our Pasuk only contains a 'K'lal u'Perat' (or a 'Ribuy
u'Miy'ut' ["ve'Humas ve'Salisa" and "Ki Kilelas Elokim Taluy"
respectively]). On what grounds do we consider the 'K'lal u'Perat' to be a
'K'lal u'Perat u'Chelal', and the 'Ribuy u'Miy'ut', a 'Ribuy u'Miy'ut
ve'Ribuy'?
15)
What does the final P'rat come to add according to ...
- ... the Rabbanan, bearing in mind, that without the final P'rat, we would only include a Mekalel in the Din of hanging?
- ... Rebbi Eliezer, who already includes someone who served idols from the Miy'ut?
Answers to questions
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