POINT BY POINT SUMMARY
by R. Nosson Slifkin
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Yerushalayim
Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Rosh Hashanah 15
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ROSH HASHANAH 12, 13, 14, 15 (3-6 Menachem Av) - dedicated by the wife and
daughters of the late Dr. Simcha Bekelnitzky (Simcha Gedalya ben Shraga
Feibush) of Queens N.Y. on his upcoming second Yarzeit (7 Av). Well known in
the community for his Chesed and Tzedakah, he will be remembered by all who
knew him.
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22) THE NEW YEAR FOR ESROGIM (Cont.)
(a) Answer: Rabah bar. R. Huna's statement should read that
even though R. Gamliel ruled that Esrog follows its
harvesting for Ma'aser (like vegetables), its new year
begins in Shevat.
(b) Question: Why does this Tosefta speak of the third year
entering the fourth, while the other one (on 12b) speaks
of the second entering the third?
(c) Answer: It incidentally teaches us that since Esrog
trees don't react well to being handled during Shevi'is,
it takes three years for fruit to be produced
afterwards.
(d) Question (R. Yochanan): When is the new year for
Esrogim?
(e) Answer (R. Yanai): Shevat.
(f) Question (R. Yochanan): Does this mean the lunar month
of Shevat, or Shevat of the solar season (thirty days
following the Teves solstice)?
(g) Answer (R. Yanai): The lunar month of Shevat.
(h) Question (Rava/ R. Yochanan): In a leap year, is the new
year Shevat or the month preceding the final month i.e.
Adar Rishon?
(i) Answer (R. Nachman/ R. Yanai): We follow the majority of
years (the month called Shevat).
23) SIXTH AND SEVENTH YEAR ESROGIM
(a) (Rabah) A sixth-year Esrog which was picked in the
Shemitah year is exempt from Ma'aser and Biyur (removal
of Shmitah produce).
1. A seventh-year Esrog which was picked in the eighth
year is exempt from Ma'aser and subject to Biyur.
(b) Question (Abaye): The second rule takes a stringent
approach; but the rule that the first case is exempt
from Biyur must be because we follow the sprouting - if
so, it should be subject to Ma'aser?
(c) Answer (Rabah): Since everyone handles it in the
Shemitah year (and it is effectively ownerless), it is
not subject to Ma'aser.
(d) (R. Hamnuna) A sixth-year Esrog which was picked in the
Shemitah year is fully rated as sixth-year fruit.
1. A seventh-year Esrog which was picked in the eighth
year is rated as seventh year (Shemitah) fruit.
(e) Question: A Beraisa contradicts both Rabah and R.
Hamnuna:
1. (R. Shimon b. Yehudah citing R. Shimon) A
sixth-year Esrog which was picked in the Shemitah
year is exempt from both Ma'aser and Biyur.
2. Produce is only subject to Ma'aser if it both grew
and was picked in a Ma'aser year.
3. A seventh-year Esrog which was picked in the eighth
year is exempt from both Ma'aser and Biyur.
4. Produce is only subject to Biyur if it both grew
and was picked in the Shemitah year.
5. The first part contradicts R. Hamnuna, and the
second part contradicts both!?
(f) Answer: These rules are a dispute between Tana'im in a
Beraisa:
1. (R. Yosi) Avtulmos testified that we follow the
harvesting of Esrogim for Ma'aser.
2. The Rabbis voted that we follow the harvesting for
both Ma'aser and Shemitah.
3. Question: Who mentioned anything about Shemitah?
15b---------------------------------------15b
4. Answer: Emend it to read that Avtulmos also said
that we follow the sprouting of Esrogim for
Shemitah (and Rabah and R. Hamnuna follow this
view).
(g) (R. Yochanan and Resh Lakish) A sixth-year Esrog which
was picked in the Shemitah year is fully rated as
sixth-year fruit.
(h) (Ravin citing R. Yochanan) Even an Esrog that grew
mostly in the seventh year is rated as sixth-year fruit
and is Tevel.
24) DETERMINING TO WHICH YEAR TREES BELONG
(a) (Rabanan) A tree whose fruit sprouted before the 15th of
Shevat has Ma'aser taken according to the previous year;
otherwise, it is taken according to the present year.
(b) (R. Nechemiah) This only holds true for a tree that
gives two broods a year.
1. Question: Birds, not trees, produce broods!?
2. Answer: It means like two broods in that the fruit
does not all ripen at once.
3. But a tree that gives one brood (such as dates,
olives, and carobs) has Ma'aser taken according to
when they are picked (even if they sprouted before
the 15th of Shevat).
(c) (R. Yochanan) With carob trees, people customarily
follow R. Nechemiah (following when the carobs are
picked).
(d) Question (Resh Lakish to R. Yochanan): We see that even
trees whose fruit ripen all at once follow the
sprouting:
1. White figs have Shemitah laws in the second year of
the Shemitah cycle (because they started growing
three years ago.
(e) (R. Yochanan) No answer.
(f) Question (R. Aba haKohen): Why didn't R. Yochanan reply
that he was quoting R. Nechemiah?
(g) Answer (R. Yosi haKohen): Because Resh Lakish would
protest that he can't abandon the Rabanan in favor of R.
Nechemiah.
(h) Question (R. Aba haKohen): Why didn't R. Yochanan say
that he is simply reporting what people do, not
authorizing it!?
(i) Answer (R. Yosi haKohen): Because Resh Lakish would
reply that one can't allow such a custom to take place
in the face of a prohibition.
(j) Question (R. Aba haKohen): Why didn't R. Yochanan say
that Ma'aser for carob trees is only d'Rabanan anyway!?
1. "I wonder if Resh Lakish really asked this question
to R. Yochanan."
i. Question: But he did ask it!?
ii. Answer: R. Aba means that he wonders if R.
Yochanan had no answer, or if he felt that it
wasn't a question (because carobs are
d'Rabanan).
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