REVIEW QUESTIONS ON GEMARA AND RASHI
prepared by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler
Kollel Iyun Hadaf, Jerusalem
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Pesachim 56
PESACHIM 56 - (21 Tishrei) has been dedicated by Gedalliah Jawitz in honor
of the Yahrzeit of Yehuda ben Simcha Volf Jawitz.
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1)
(a) The Chachamim did not protest when the men of Yericho grafted date-palms
all day, were Korchin al Shema or harvested and piled up their crops before
the Omer had been brought. What is wrong with grafting palms? When is this
speaking?
(b) The Chachamim did however, protest when they permitted the Gamzi'os of
carob and Shikmah (a sort of fig-tree)-trees of Hekdesh. What are
'Gamzi'os of Hekdesh'?
(c) Why did the Chachamim protest when the men of Yericho ...
- ... ate fruit that had fallen from the date-palms on Shabbos?
- ... left Pei'ahfor the poor in the vegetable fields?
2)
(a) Why did Chizkiyah ...
- ... drag his father's remains on a bed of ropes?
- ... grind the copper snake that Moshe had made?
- ... hide the book of all cures?
(b) The Chachamim consented to the above three. Why did they did not
however, agree with the fact that he ...
- ... cut down the doors of the Heichal and sent them to the King of Asyria as a bribe to stop him from attacking Yehudah?
- ... stopped-up the waters of the Upper-Gichon, to deprive the Asyrians of a source of water?
- ... declared a leap-year after Nisan had already entered?
(c) Why did he do that?
3)
(a) To graft the date-palm, they took a mixture made from wet myrtle leaves,
berries from a laurel-tree and barley-flour that had been lying in a vessel
for not more than forty days. What did they then do with it?
(b) What is the alternative explanation?
(c) According to Rav Yehudah, Korchin al Shema means that they did not
lengthen the 'Daled' of "Echad" (which is also how Rebbi Meir explains it in
a Beraisa). How does Rava explain it?
(d) Rebbi Yehudah has a third explanation. Some say that, in his opinion,
they omitted 'Baruch Shem' altogether. What is the other version of his
opinion?
4)
(a) Why do we say 'Baruch Shem' after the Pasuk of Shema? What is the source
for this?
(b) So why do we say it quietly? What parable does the Gemara give?
(c) According to Rebbi Avahu, the Chachamim instituted saying it aloud; but
in Neherda'a, they continued to say it quietly. Why was that?
5)
(a) According to Rebbi Meir in the Beraisa, the men of Yericho harvested the
crops with the Chachamim's consent, but piled it up without their consent.
What is the meaning of the former statement? Is this not at least an Isur
de'Rabbanan?
(b) Then why did they not give their consent in the latter case?
(c) Why did the men of Yericho make breaches in their fences?
(d) What is it about Rebbi Meir's text that Rebbi Yehudah objects to, and
how does he amend it?
6)
(a) Rebbi Yehudah includes *'ve'Kotzrin* ve'Godshin Lifnei ha'Omer' in the
list of things against which the Chachamim did not protest. What is the
problem with this from the Mishnah in Menachos, and how do we know that the
author of that Mishnah must be Rebbi Yehudah?
(b) We resolve this problem by erasing 'Kotzrin' (which Rebbi Yehudah
permits) from the list of things in the Beraisa (which he forbids). How do
we know for sure that this answer is correct?
Answers to questions
56b---------------------------------------56b
7)
(a) 'u'Matirin Gamzi'os shel Hekdesh' ... . But the Chachamim protested.
What is the basis of their Machlokes?
(b) Ula quoting Resh Lakish, establishes the Machlokes between the men of
Yericho and the Chachamim (regarding the dates that fell on Shabbos), when
the dates are caught among the clusters of dates on top of the tree, but not
when they are caught near the foot of the tree. What is their Machlokes,
and what is the reason for this distinction?
(c) What problem does Rabah have with that?
8)
(a) Why might the dates that were attached when Shabbos entered not be
Muktzah?
(b) 'Rebbi Yehudah Omer, Im Lo Haysah Neveilah me'Erev Shabbos Asurah, Lefi
she'Einah Min ha'Muchan'. How do we attempt to substantiate Rabah's Kashya
(that they are in fact, Muktzah) from there?
(c) How does refute that proof? Why are the two cases different?
(d) Ravin quoting Resh Lakish, establishes the Machlokes between the men of
Yericho and the Chachamim by dates that were caught at the foot of the tree,
but if they were caught at the top, they both agree that the fruit is
forbidden, because of the suspicion that he may climb the tree. What is
now the basis of their Machlokes?
9)
(a) What does the Mishnah in Pei'ah come to exclude, when, describing what
exactly is Chayav be'Pei'ah, it says ...
- ... 'Kol she'Hu Ochel'?
- ... 've'Nishmar'?
- ... 've'Gidulo min ha'Aretz'?
- ... 'u'Lekitasan ke'Achas'?
- ... 'u'Machniso le'Kiyum'?
(b) Then why did the men of Yericho leave Pei'ah from vegetables?
10)
The first Beraisa reads 'Barishonah, Hayu Nosnin Pei'ah le'Lefes,
ve'li'Keruv; Rebbi Yossi Omer, Af le'Kaplut'. The second Beraisa reads 'Hayu
Nosnin Pei'ah le'Lefes ve'la'Kaplut; Rebbi Shimon Omer, Af li'Keruv'.
There appear to be three opinions here - the two opinions of the two Tana
Kamas, and that of Rebbi Yossi and Rebbi Shimon, who appear to agree. How
is it possible to explain that there are really only *two* opinions in the
two Beraisos, and not *three*?
Answers to questions
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