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1) MISHNA: POTENTIAL EXEMPTIONS FROM THE KORBAN PESACH

(a) It is permitted to Schecht a Korban Pesach for the following:

1. An Onen.
2. One who is uncovering a person who is buried under rocks.
3. A prisoner who was promised that today he would be freed.
4. An infirm or elderly person who is able to eat a Kezayis.

(b) Others must be joined with them lest they invalidate the Korban.
(c) If any of these became Pasul, they are Patur from Pesach Sheni.
(d) The one unearthing a buried person (and if the person is found dead) must bring a Pesach Sheni since he was always Tamei.

(a) The Mishna is speaking of a prisoner in a non-Jewish prison.
(b) If he is in the custody of Jews, we may Schecht for him alone.
(c) Since he was promised his freedom, they will certainly free him.
(d) [R. Chisda] Even in the custody of non-Jews, if the prison is within Jerusalem, we may Schecht for him alone and (if needed) send the meat in to him.

(a) He brings a Pesach Sheni only if he *definitely* became Tamei (as with a round rock covering the mound), not if there is a doubt (such as with a long stone) and perhaps he was Tahor at the time.
(b) The Bereisa supports this qualification.

(a) We do not Schecht a Korban Pesach for one person.
(b) [R. Yosi] We may (since he can eat a Kezayis), but if a hundred people are a Chaburah and they cannot eat a Kezayis, we may not Schecht for them.
(c) A group must not consist only of women, Avadim and minors.

(a) [R. Yehudah] "B'Echad" teaches that we must not Schecht for one.
(b) [R. Yosi] It only depends on the ability to eat a Kezayis.
(c) Question: What will R. Yosi do with Echad?
(d) Answer: It prohibits bringing a Pesach on an *individual's* altar, when Bamos are prohibited.
(e) Question: Whence will R. Yehudah learn this law?
(f) Answer: We learn two laws from this Pasuk.
(g) Question [to R. Yosi]: Maybe it teaches R. Yehudah's law?
(h) Answer: The Pasuk "Ish l'fi Ochlo" indicates that we may Schecht for one person (who is able to eat a Kezayis).
(i) Question: We find that R. Yehudah *does* allow a Pesach (Rishon) to be Schechted for an individual (the case of the woman).
(j) Answer: It means for *them* (the group of women), not for *her*.
(k) Question: But the Mishna says that a group may not be comprised only of women?!
(l) Answer: This means combinations of women, Avadim and minors.

1. Women and Avadim to avoid Aveiros.
2. Children and Avadim to avoid Peritzus.

6) WOMEN AS A SEPARATE GROUP

(a) [R. Yehudah] Pesach Rishon can be Schechted for a woman while for Pesach Sheni there must be others in the group.
(b) [R. Yosi] A woman may be the only one even for Pesach Sheni.
(c) [R. Shimon] A woman may only join others for Pesach Rishon, and she is not included in Pesach Sheni.
(d) Question: What is their dispute?
(e) Answer part 1: R. Yehudah learns from "Nefashos" that women are included in Pesach Rishon, and from "Ish" that she must be part of a group for the Pesach Sheni since it is not mandatory.

1. Question: Then she should be *excluded* from Pesach Sheni?!
2. Answer: The Sheni has the laws of the Rishon.

(f) Answer part 2: R. Yosi (also) learns from Nefashos for Pesach Rishon and from Nefesh for Pesach Sheni.

1. Question: What will he do with Ish?
2. Answer: It excludes a minor from Kares.

(g) Answer part 3: R. Shimon learns Pesach Rishon from "Ish."

1. Question: Then she should be *excluded* from Pesach Rishon?
2. Answer: Nefashos allows her to be part of a group.
3. Question: They should then be able to join for Pesach Sheni?
4. Answer: She is excluded from "Ish" (which must mean that she cannot join, as she is not *obligated* even by Rishon).

(h) Question: What "Ish" is R. Shimon using to exclude Pesach Rishon?

1. The Ish by taking a sheep is needed to exclude a minor!
2. The "Ish l'fi Ochlo" must be used to teach that we may
Schecht for an individual (R. Shimon must hold like R. Yosi, since R. Yosi holds like R. Shimon - see Rashi).

(i) Answer: The Ish from l'fi Ochlo, since Ish is unnecessary there.
(j) Question: Whose opinion does R. Elazar follow?

1. He taught that she is obligated in Rishon, optional in Sheni, and it overrides Shabbos.
2. Question: How can an option override Shabbos?
3. Answer: Rather, he taught that she is optional in Sheni, obligated in Rishon, and it overrides Shabbos.

(k) Answer: He holds like R. Yehudah.

(a) A group may not consist entirely of converts.
(b) They may be excessively stringent and invalidate a kosher Korban.

(a) [Tana Kama] Pesach, Matzah and Maror are obligatory on the first night and are optional thereafter.
(b) [R. Shimon] It is obligatory for men and optional for women.
(c) Question: What does the Tana Kama refer to as optional thereafter?

1. Not to the Pesach, since that is not all week.
2. He cannot refer to Matzah and Maror, since R. Shimon calls the referent optional and we know that the Torah *obligates* women (whomever cannot eat Chametz must eat Matzah)!

(d) Answer: All three are not obligatory thereafter [Tana Kama], and R. Shimon taught that the Korban Pesach is *optional* for women.