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Introduction to Pesachim

1) [line 4] MARTEF - a wine cellar
2) [line 8] NAGHEI - dawn
3) [line 11] "HA'BOKER OR ..." - "As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away, they and their donkeys." (Bereishis 44:3)

4) [line 13] TZAFRA NEHAR - the morning was light
5) [line 16] "U'CH'OR BOKER ..." - "And he shall be as the light of the morning, when the sun rises, in a morning without clouds ..." (Shmuel II 23:4)

6) [line 18] U'CH'OR BOKER BA'OLAM HA'ZEH, K'EIN ZERICHAS SHEMESH LA'TZADIKIM LA'OLAM HA'BA - (lit. And like the light of morning in this world, so too will be the light of the sun coming up for the Tzadikim in the World to Come.) (a) the light of *dawn* for the righteous in the World to Come will be like the light of *sunrise* in this world (RASHI); (b) the light of *sunrise* for the righteous in the World to Come will be like the light of *noon* in this world (TOSFOS)

8a) [line 24] KARYEI RACHMANA L'NEHORA - HaSh-m called the light
b) [line 25] U'FAKDEI A'MITZVESA D'YEMAMA - and appointed it over the service of the day

9) [line 30] SHEVUCHEI - to praise
10) [line 34] "LA'OR YAKUM ..." - "The murderer rising with the light kills the poor and needy, and in the night he is like a thief." (Iyov 24:14)

11) [line 6] "YECHSHECHU KOCHVEI NISHPO ..." - "Let the stars of its dusk be dark; let it look for light but have none; and let it not see the eyelids of the morn." (Iyov 3:9)

12) [line 8] MEILAT HU D'KA LAYIT - he was cursing
13) [line 10] D'LITZPEI HACH GAVRA - that this person (himself, Iyov) should have looked forward (hoped) [for the light (after birth)]

14) [line 10] V'LO LISHKECHEI - and he should not have found it
15) [line 11] "VA'OMAR ..." - "If I say, 'Surely only darkness shall cover me; and the night shall be like a veil around me.'" (Tehilim 139:11) - This translation follows Rashi to Tehilim. According to the question of the Gemara, the verse reads, "... and the night would be as light around me."

16) [line 18] SHE'AS HA'BI'UR - the sixth hour, the time for the destruction of the Chametz

17) [line 23] HA'NETZ HA'CHAMAH - sunrise
18) [line 31] AMUD HA'SHACHAR - dawn
19) [line 37] KEROS HA'GEVER - the time that the rooster crows (earlier than dawn)
20) [line 42] SHA'OS D'RABANAN - Rebbi Yehudah is bringing a proof from the extra hours during which the Chachamim prohibited the eating of Chametz

21) [line 43] MASI'IN MASU'OS - [the messengers] lifted lighted torches
22) [line 44] L'OR IBURO - the night after the first day of the new month, which would have been the night of the *added* thirtieth day of the previous month, had the new month not been proclaimed on that day

23) [last line] KIDUSH YADAYIM V'RAGLAYIM
(a) It is a Mitzvas Aseh for the Kohanim to wash their hands and feet whenever they enter the Heichal of the Beis ha'Mikdash or when they do any Avodah (Divine service), as it states in Shemos 30:19, "v'Rachatzu Aharon u'Vanav Mimenu ..."
(b) A Kohen places his right hand on his right foot and his left hand on his left foot, and bends over. Another Kohen sprinkles water from the Kiyor on his hands and feet (or, if he is alone, he places his hands and feet under the faucet of the Kiyor). Kidush Yadayim v'Raglayim is an Avodah, and therefore must be performed while standing. If a Kohen transgresses intentionally, and performs an Avodah without washing his hands and feet, he is Chayav Misah b'Ydei Shamayim and the Avodah is invalid. (SEFER HA'CHINUCH #106)
(c) A Kohen has to wash his hands and feet only once every day, as long as he makes sure that they did not become Teme'im or dirty, and as long as he has not left the Azarah. There is a disagreement as to whether a Kohen who did Avodah all night is required to wash his hands and feet again in the morning.

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