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Introduction to Nidah
Nidah 2
***************GIRSA SECTION********************
We recommend using the textual changes suggested by the Bach, Rav B. Rensburg
and the parenthetical marginal notes of the Vilna Shas. This section is
devoted to any *OTHER* changes that we feel ought to be made in Gemara,
Rashi or Tosfos.)
1) [line ] NIDAH/ZAVAH
(I) NIDAH
By Torah Law, a woman who has her period is a Nidah for a period of seven
days. It makes no difference whether she saw blood only once or for the
entire seven days. At the end of seven days, after nightfall, she can
immerse herself in a Mikvah if she has stopped seeing blood, to become
Tahor.
(II) ZAVAH
The next eleven days are "days of Zivah." If a woman experiences menstrual
blood one or two consecutive days during this period, she becomes a Zavah
Ketanah. She is Tamei the following day. If she is clean the following day,
she may immerse herself in a Mikvah at night to become Tahor. If she again
has a show of blood, she is again Tamei the following (third) day. If she
is clean that day, she may immerse in a Mikvah at night to become Tahor.
If she sees three days consecutively during this period, the woman becomes
a Zavah Gedolah. In order for her to become Tahor, she must count seven
"clean days" during which she verifies that she has no show of blood. After
the seven days, she immerses herself in a Mikvah. She must bring a Korban
Zavah to permit her to enter the Beis ha'Mikdash or to eat Kodshim.
*2*) [line 2] DAYAN SHA'ATAN - (a) The Mishnah discusses the case of a
woman who finds Dam Nidah during an internal check for menstrual blood with
a Bedikah-cloth. The question in the Mishnah is whether we are to assume
that the blood that was found is fresh (Dayan Sha'atan) or whether it had
been there for some time, in which case the woman will be judged to be
Tamei retroactively from the time the blood reached the Bayis ha'Chitzon
(b) The Gemara (3b) concludes that even according to those who judge the
woman to be Tamei retroactively , this is only a Chumra d'Rabbanan with
regard to Terumah and Kodshim. With regard to making her husband and Chulin
Tamei, and with regard to her status mid'Oraysa, she is Tahor, since she
had a Chezkas Taharah.
3) [line 3] MI'PEKIDAH LI'PEKIDAH - from the last time which she checked
4) [line 4] ME'ES L'ES MEMA'ETES AL YAD MI'PEKIDAH LI'PEKIDAH - if the
past Bedikah was more than 24 hours before, then we will only be Machmir
retroactively for a period of 24 hours.
5) [line 7] VESES - fixed cycle when a woman usually menstruates
6) [line 7] HA'MESHAMESHES B'EDIM - she does a Bedikah before she has
Tashmish
2b---------------------------------------2b
7) [line 12] CHASER V'ASAI, CHASER V'ASAI - its volume gradually decreased
8) [line 14] HA'GAS HA'GAS CHAZITEI - some of the Dam Nidah seeped out as
it built up inside
9) [line 15] TARTEI L'RE'USA - there are two negative factors (= Chazakos).
For example, if a person was Tovel in a Mikvah that was previously found to
contain 40 Se'ah of water, and later found that the Mikvah contained less
than 40 Se'ah we rule that the person is Tamei due to a combination of two
Chazakos: (1) The person who was Tovel had a Chezkas Tamei, and (2) the
Mikvah is presently lacking.
11) [line 18] CHOMETZ - vinegar
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