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1) PERMITING VOWS

(a) (Mishnah): Vows may be annulled on Shabbos, and one may ask a Chacham to permit vows on Shabbos, if they are for the need of Shabbos.
(b) Question: Does the final clause, 'if it is for the need of Shabbos', also apply to annulment of vows - or, may vows be annulled (on Shabbos) even if it is not a need of Shabbos?
(c) Answer (Rav Zuti, d'Vei Rav Papi): Vows may only be annulled for the need of Shabbos.
(d) Objection (Rav Ashi - Mishnah): If she vowed shortly before nightfall, he can only annul until nightfall.

1. If vows may only be annulled for the need of Shabbos - even before nightfall, he cannot annul!

(e) Answer: Tana'im argue, whether vows may be annulled not for the need of Shabbos.

1. (Beraisa): Vows can be annulled the entire day; R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah and R. Eliezer b'Rebbi Shimon say, for 24 hours.
2. The 1st Tana says that vows cannot be annulled on the next day - he permits annulment, even if it is not a need of Shabbos;
3. R. Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah and R. Eliezer b'Rebbi Shimon say, for 24 hours - they only permit for a need of Shabbos.

(f) (Mishnah): One may ask a Chacham to permit vows on Shabbos, if they are for the need of Shabbos.
(g) Question: Is this only when the one who vowed did not have time to ask a Chacham before Shabbos, or even if he had time?
(h) Answer: Yes - Chachamim once permitted a vow for the son of Rav Zutra, even though he had time before Shabbos.
(i) Rav Yosef thought to say that vows may be permitted on Shabbos only by 1 Chacham, but not by (a Beis Din of) 3 commoners, for this looks like judging a case.
(j) Objection (Abaye): Since we hold, vows may be permitted even when (the judges are) standing, even by (judges who are) relatives (to the one who vowed), and even at night, it does not look like judgment.
(k) (R. Aba, citing Rav Huna, citing Rav): Vows may be annulled at night.
(l) Objection: We know this from our Mishnah - 'If she vowed on Shabbos night...'!
(m) Correction: Rather, Rav taught that vows may be permitted at night.

1. R. Aba (to Rav Huna): Did Rav really say that?
2. Rav Huna: He was silent (when I said this before him).
3. R. Aba: Was his silence because he disagreed, or because he agreed?
4. Answer: Rav permitted a vow for Rabah in a room of the Beis Medrash, alone, at night.

(n) (Rabah): The law is, we can permit vows while standing, alone, at night, of relatives, and on Shabbos.

1. They may be permitted on Shabbos even if there was time to permit them before Shabbos.

(o) Question: Rabah said that they may be permitted while standing -this opposes a Beraisa!

1. (Beraisa): R. Gamliel descended from a donkey, donned a cloak and sat down to permit a vow.

(p) [Version #1 (Our text, and that of 'Rashi') - Answer: R. Gamliel holds that we may permit a vow with regret (so the Chacham must think hard, to help the one who vowed find a reason to regret it);

1. Rav Nachman holds, we may not permit a vow with regret (there is not much to think about - if the person does not regret himself, we do not permit the vow).

(q) Version #2 (The text of Tosfos, Rosh, Ran) - Answer: R. Gamliel holds that we may not permit a vow with regret (alone - rather, we must find that the vow was a mistake from the beginning - the Chacham must think hard);

1. Rav Nachman holds, we may permit a vow with regret (alone).]

(a) Rava (to Rav Nachman): A Chacham came from Eretz Yisrael, and said that Chachamim permitted a vow for the son of Rav Huna Bar Avin.

1. They told him to pray for forgiveness for having vowed.

(b) (Rav Dimi, brother of Rav Safra): Anyone that vows, even if he fulfills it, is called a sinner.
(c) (Rav Zvid): We learn this from "When you will refrain from vowing, you will not have sin" - implying, if you will vow, you will have sin.

(a) (Beraisa): A man told his wife (after she vowed) 'All vows you will take - I do not want them'; or 'This is not a vow' - this has no effect;

1. 'You did nicely, you are unequaled, had you not vowed I would have imposed the vow on you' - this is affirmation.

(b) (Beraisa): A man should not say to his wife on Shabbos '(Your vow) is annulled, it is void' as he says during the week - rather, he should tell her to eat or drink what she forbade, and the vow is void.

1. (R. Yochanan): He must annul the vow in his heart.

(c) (Beraisa - Beis Shamai): On Shabbos, a man annuls his wife's vow in his heart; during the week, he must say it;
(d) Beis Hillel say, even during the week it suffices to annul the vow in his heart.
(e) (R. Yochanan): If a Chacham said 'Your vow is annulled', or if a husband said 'Your vow is permitted', this has no effect.
(f) (Beraisa): "This is the Davar (Word of Hashem)" - a Chacham permits, a husband does not permit.

1. One might have thought, we should learn a Kal v'Chomer: a Chacham cannot annul, but he can permit; a husband, who can annul, all the more so he can permit!