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Nedarim 61
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NEDARIM 61 - has been dedicated to the memory of Yedidya ben Simcha
Gedaliah, who completed his mission on this world in but a few weeks.
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1) [line 10] V'IY ATAH MONEH SHENAS CHAMISHIM V'ACHAS - and you do not count
the year of Yovel simultaneously as the fiftieth year since the previous
Yovel and the first year towards the next Yovel
2) [line 11] YOVEL
(a) The year after 7 Shemitah cycles of 7 years each is called the Yovel
year. There is an argument among the Tana'im as to whether the 50th year is
not counted as one of the years of Shmitah, or whether it is part of the
count and is itself *both* the Yovel and the 1st year of the next Shemitah
cycle.
(b) The Halachos of the Shemitah year apply in the Yovel year with regard to
not working the land and maintaining the sanctity of the fruits that grow
(see Background to Nedarim 57:3). In addition, at the start of the Yovel
year, all Jewish slaves (Eved Ivri, see Background to Yevamos 104:9) are set
free and all properties that were sold since the previous Yovel year are
returned to their original owners. On Yom ha'Kipurim of the Yovel Year, Beis
Din blows a Shofar to denote that the time has come to set free all of the
slaves, as the Torah states in Vayikra 25:9.
(c) There is an argument among the Tana'im as to what is considered the
beginning of the Yovel year. According to the Chachamim, Yovel starts with
the Shofar blast of Yom ha'Kipurim. According to Rebbi Yochanan ben Berokah,
it begins at Rosh ha'Shanah, and the Shofar blast only denotes the
completion of the process of freeing the slaves (Rosh Hashanah 8b).
3) [line 18] DILI NAMI - (lit. mine also) I can likewise interpret the
verse, "Shesh Shanim Tizra' Sadecha" (Vayikra 25:3), as referring to years
of the Shemitah cycle that do not precede a Yovel year
4) [last line] LO ME'AYEIL INISH NAFSHEI LI'SEFEIKA
(a) The Tana'im argue as to whether or not a person makes ambiguous
statements that may be interpreted in more than one way. According to the
opinion that he does not, the person who makes a Neder until *Penei*
ha'Pesach must keep the Neder only until the onset of Pesach. Similarly, the
person who has two sets of two daughters and states that he married off his
older daughter (ha'Gedolah) only refers to his *oldest* daughter.
(b) The Tana who argues rules that the Neder must be kept until the end of
Pesach because of the doubt, and that all daughters need Gitin (bills of
divorce) because of the doubt, except for the youngest of the younger set of
daughters.
61b---------------------------------------61b
5) [line 10] MUCHLEFES HA'SHITAH - their opinions (in the Mishnah) were
mistakenly interchanged and should be switched
6) [line 20] KALKALOS - baskets
7) [line 20] AD SHE'YAKPILU HA'MIKTZO'OS - (a) until the *knives* used to
cut the dried figs are folded and put away (ROSH, 1st explanation); (b)
until the *dried figs* are strung and pressed together (RABEINU ELYAKIM,
MEFARESH, according to the Girsa of the Bach #4); (c) until the *mats* upon
which the figs are dried are folded and put away (ROSH, 2nd explanation)
8) [line 25] MIKATZETZAN B'YADA - they are picked by hand
9) [line 27] KI MIRADEDEN - when [the grapes ripen,] they are pulled off the
stems of the vine [by hand]
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