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1) SEMINAL EMISSIONS OF A ZAV

(a) (Rava): When the Mishnah says that a doubtful case is assumed to be Zivah - this does not mean, if we are unsure if he had an emission;
(b) Rather, he had an emission, but we do not know if it is Zivah, or if it is attributable to a seminal emission.

1. Once he is a Zav, when in doubt, we treat it as Zivah.

(c) (Mishnah): His semen is Tamei ...
(d) Question: In what respect?

1. Suggestion: If that it imparts Tum'ah to one who touches it - this applies even to semen of a Tahor person!

(e) Answer #1: Rather, it imparts Tum'ah to one who moves it.

1. Question: Which Tana holds this way?
2. Suggestion: R. Yehoshua (as follows).

i. (Beraisa - R. Eliezer): Semen of a Zav does not imparts Tum'ah to one who moves it; R. Yehoshua says, it does, for it certainly contains drops of Zivah.

3. Rejection: No - the Mishnah connotes that the semen itself imparts Tum'ah to one who moves it; R. Yehoshua says that only the Zivah inside does so.

(f) Answer #2 (to question (e) - Rav Ada bar Ahavah): If a Zav sees (has a flow of) Zivah after a seminal emission, the Zivah is considered as proper Zivah (we do not attribute it to the semen).
(g) [Tosfos' text and explanation - (Rav Papa): Rav Ada bar Ahavah reasons thusly: a Tahor person that sees Zivah after semen, we attribute it to weakness as a result of the semen; by a Zav, even Zivah due to such factors is considered Zivah.
(h) Question (Rava - Mishnah): A convert can become a Zav immediately upon converting (even if he saw semen right before converting).

1. We should attribute the Zivah to his weakness! ]

(i) [Rashi - (Rav Papa): Rav Ada bar Ahavah reasons thusly: proper Zivah is due to weakness; a Zav is known to be weak, so we attribute the Zivah to his weakness.
(j) Question (Rava - Mishnah): A convert (that was circumcised a while ago) can become a Zav immediately upon converting (even if he saw semen right before converting).

1. We should attribute the Zivah to the semen, since he is not weak!

(k) Answer (Rav Papa): There is no greater weakness than conversion (accepting the yoke of Mitzvos)! ]
(l) We can defend Answer #1 (e) by answering question (e:1).

1. Answer: The following Tana'im hold that semen of a Zav imparts Tum'ah to one who moves it.
2. (Beraisa): If a Zav sees semen within 24 hours of (previously) seeing Zivah, the semen imparts Tum'ah to one who moves it; R. Yosi says, only if the semen comes on the same day as the Zivah.

(m) Question: On what do these Tana'im argue?
(n) Answer: They give different answers to Shmuel's question.

1. Contradiction (Shmuel): "When a man will not be Tahor due to a nighttime emission" (this suggests that semen is only as Zivah on the same day);
2. It also says, "He will immerse close to nightfall" (this suggests that semen is as Zivah for 24 hours)!

i. R. Yosi learns from the 1st verse; Chachamim learn from the 2nd.

(o) Question: How do Chachamim expound the 1st verse?
(p) Answer: The verse speaks in the usual case, that emissions come at night.

(a) (Mishnah - R. Nehurai): Shmuel was a Nazir.

1. It says by Shmuel, "*Morah* (a razor) will not pass over his head"; "Morah" is also said by Shimshon.
2. Just as Shimshon was a Nazir, also Shmuel.

(b) R. Yosi: "Morah" refers to "*Mora*" (fear), that he will not fear people.
(c) R. Nehurai: "Shmuel said, 'How can I go - Sha'ul will hear and kill me" - we see that he feared people!

3) BLESSING OR ANSWERING AMEN

(a) Rav and Rav Huna instructed their sons to bless over the meal and exempt the others.
(b) Question: They must hold, it is better to bless than to answer Amen!

1. (Beraisa - R. Yosi): The one who answers Amen is greater than the one that blesses.
2. R. Nehurai: We see this from war - the weak ones fight first, and the victory is credited to the strong ones that finish.

(c) Answer: Rav and Rav Huna hold as the following Tana.

1. (Beraisa): Both the one who blesses and the one who answers Amen get reward; reward is paid first to the one who blesses.

(d) (R. Elazar): Chachamim increase peace in the world - "All your children learn Hash-m's way, and great is the Shalom of your children".