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1) [line 5] HEFER LAH BA'ALAH (HAFARAS NEDARIM - Annulling vows)
(a) A man has the right to annul certain vows of his wife and his young daughter, as the Torah states in Bamidbar 30:6, 9, 13-14. He accomplishes this by stating, on the day that he hears the vow, "Mufar Lach" ("[the vow] is annulled"). There is an argument among the Tana'im whether the vow must be annulled before nightfall on the day the husband/father heard it, or before 24 hours pass from when he heard it (Nedarim 77a); the former is the Halachic opinion.
(b) A father may annul his daughter's vows while she is young, starting from the age at which her vows are valid (11 years old) until she becomes a Bogeres (six months after she becomes a Na'arah by growing two pubic hairs). If the father marries her off before she becomes a Bogeres, during the period of Eirusin both the father *and* the husband, or "Arus," must annul the vows in order for the annulment to be effective. After the consummation of the marriage through Nisu'in, the husband may annul the vows by himself. The father no longer has rights over her vows after her marriage, even if she is divorced before becoming a Bogeres.
(c) Nobody may annul the vows of a woman if she is an unmarried Bogeres, or if she is an unmarried Na'arah who was *once* married or who has no father. Instead, her Nedarim must be revoked through *Hataras* Nedarim (see Background to Nedarim 20:1).
(d) If the father or husband is "Mekayem" the vow even before the day is over (i.e. he upholds or endorses the vow; this is also referred to as "Kiyum" or "Hakamah"), by stating "[the vow] is endorsed," he can no longer be Mefer the vow. His wife or daughter must abide by her vow. (There is a disagreement among the Poskim as to whether the wife or daughter can remove the Neder through *Hataras* Nedarim after Hakamah, see Insights to Nedarim 69:1:a:1.)

2) [line 8] BA'AL MI'AKAR AKAR - the husband uproots the vow from the beginning

3) [line 9] BA'AL MEIGAZ GAYIZ - the husband cuts off and annuls the Neder for the future (while leaving the Neder intact until the time of the Hafarah)

4) [line 20] HO'IL V'SHANAH V'CHET - since he sinned a second time
5) [line 27] K'HALEIN MILEI - like these good words (explanations)

6) [line 15] D'NAFAK CHAD U'MASCHILIN TREIN - the first day has passed and the second day is starting

7) [line 26] HILNI HA'MALKAH - Helene, the queen of Adiabene, a district of Assyria between the rivers Lycus and Caprus, whose sons Bazutus (also known as Aziati) and Munbaz secretly converted to Judaism. She and her son Munbaz lived for a number of years in Yerushalayim. She made a golden lamp that hung over the opening of the Heichal and a golden tablet upon which was written the Parshah of Sotah. King Munbaz made golden handles for the vessels used in the Avodah of Yom ha'Kipurim. After his death, his children remained in Eretz Yisrael. (TIFERES YISRAEL to Yoma 3:10:58) (According to Rashi Bava Basra 11a, Queen Helene and Munbaz were descendants of the Hasmoneans.)

8) [last line] ERETZ HA'AMIM, MISHUM GUSHAH GAZRU ALEHA - the Chachamim only decreed that the *land* of Chutz la'Aretz should be Tamei. The Rabanan decreed that the lands outside of Eretz Yisrael are to be considered Tamei because the Nochrim bury their dead fetuses in their houses. Our Gemara discusses whether they decreed that only the land should be Tamei or also the airspace above it. The Halachic ramification between these two opinions is whether or not a Nazir would be permitted to enter Chutz la'Aretz by being carried in a Shidah (a sedan chair or chest) that is lifted off the ground.

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