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1) A SLAVE LEAVES AS HE ENTERED

(a) (Beraisa): "If (a slave) enters b'Gapo, he will leave b'Gapo" - if he enters b'Gufo (with his body), he will leave b'Gufo;

1. R. Eliezer ben Yakov says, if he entered single, he will leave single.

(b) Question: What does it mean 'if he enters b'Gufo, he will leave b'Gufo'?
(c) Answer (Rava): This teaches that he does not go free if the master destroys one of his limbs as a (Canaanite) slave.

1. Question (Abaye): We know that from "He will not leave as (Canaanite) slaves"!
2. Answer: If only from there, one might have thought that he receives payment for the lost limb and leaves (whereas Canaanite slaves leave without payment) - our verse teaches that he does not go free at all.

(d) Question: What does R. Eliezer ben Yakov mean 'if he entered single, he will leave single'?
(e) Answer (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): His master can mate him with a Shifchah only if the slave entered with a wife and children.

(a) (Beraisa): A slave was sold for 100, and later his value rose to 200 - his redemption is based on his purchase price (he pays according to the remaining years at the rate of 100 for 6 years);

1. We learn this from "From the money of his purchase".

(b) If he was sold for 200, and his value went down to 100 - his redemption is based on his current value (he pays for the remaining years at the rate of 100 for 6 years);

1. We learn this from "According to his years".

(c) These verses are by a slave sold to a Nochri - since relatives are commanded to redeem him, we are lenient;
(d) Question: How do we know the same applies when he is sold to a Yisrael?
(e) Answer: From a Gezeirah Shavah "Sachir-Sachir'.
(f) Question: We could have expounded the above verses stringently (that we always calculate from the higher value) - how do we know to be lenient?
(g) Answer (Abaye): Since the Torah demands nice treatment of the slave, it is lenient by redemption also.

1. "It is good for him with you" - regarding food and drink;

i. The master cannot enjoy food, drink, or sleeping accommodations of higher quality than his slave.
ii. Buying a Hebrew slave is as buying a master!

(h) Question: Perhaps that is only so the slave will not suffer - but we are stringent regarding redemption, because the slave became a slave through sin!

1. Beraisa (R. Yosi b'Rebbi Chanina): Light transgressions of Shemitah are punished very heavily!
2. One who does business with Shemitah produce will have to sell his movable objects;

i. It says "In the Yovel year...when you will sell...from the hand of your fellow man" - this refers to Metaltelim, which are sold from hand to hand;

3. If he does not feel (that he is being punished), he will have to sell his fields - "When your brother will wax poor and sell from his inheritance".
4. He will not understand (to repent) until he sells his house - "When he will sell a house".

i. Question: Why did the Tana say 'If he does not feel', and at the next stage 'He will not understand'?
ii. Answer: As Rav Huna taught - once a person repeats a sin, it becomes permitted to him.
iii. Objection: That cannot be!
iv. Answer: Rather, it becomes permitted in his eyes.

5. He will not understand until he sells his daughter - "When a man will sell his daughter".

i. Even though this verse does not appear in this Parsha, the Tana teaches that it is better to sell one's daughter than to borrow with interest.
ii. Question: Why?
iii. Answer: The redemption of one's daughter decreases over time, she eventually will go free (for free); a loan on interest keeps increasing.

6. He will not understand until he borrows on interest - "When your brother will wax poor...do not take from him usury".
7. He will not understand until he sells himself - "When your brother will wax poor and be sold to you".

i. Not only will he be sold to you (a Yisrael), but even to a Ger - "To a Ger";
ii. The Ger referred to is not a convert, rather a law-abiding Nochri - "A resident Ger";
iii. He will even be sold to a Nochri that does not keep his laws - "The family of a Ger".
iv. He will even be sold to service idolatry - "l'Eker".

(i) Answer (Abaye): The Torah later instructs us to have mercy on him.

1. Beraisa (Tana d'Vei R. Yishmael): One might have thought, once he became a servant of the idolatry, he should not be redeemed - "There will be redemption for him".

(j) Question: Perhaps he is redeemed so he will not be drawn after the idolaters - but we are stringent regarding the redemption price, because of his sins!
(k) Answer (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): It says "If there is multitude in years (remaining)", and also "If there is sparseness in years (remaining)".

1. Question: Can a year be multitudinous or sparse?!
2. Answer: Rather, if his value increased - the redemption is based on the purchase price; if his value decreased, the redemption is based on his current value.

(l) Question: Why not say - if he worked 2 years, and 4 remain, he pays for the 4 years according to his purchase price;

1. If he worked 4 years, and 2 remain, he pays for the 2 years according to his current value!

(m) Answer: If so, it should have said "If many years remain", and "If few years remain";

1. Rather, it says "in years", to teach as we said.

(a) Question (Rav Huna bar Chinena): A slave sold to a Nochri - can he be partially redeemed?

1. Do we learn a Gezeirah Shavah "Ge'ulaso-Ge'ulaso" from an inherited field?

i. Just as an inherited field cannot be partially redeemed, also a slave sold to a Nochri!

2. Or, do we say that partial redemption applies when this is a leniency?

(b) Answer (Rav Sheshes): Just as we expounded "He will be sold" - entirely, not partially; also, we expound "He will be redeemed" - entirely, not partially.
(c) (Abaye): If we would say that he can be partially redeemed, this can be a leniency or a stringency.

1. (Leniency): A slave was sold for 100, paid 50 to be half-redeemed, and rose in value to 200. If partial redemption works, he need only pay another 100 to compete redemption; if not does not work, he must pay another 150.

i. Objection: But we learned, if a slave's value increases, he is redeemed according to his purchase price (whether or not partial redemption works, he should only have to pay another 50)!
ii. Answer: Rather, the case is he was sold for 200, decreased in value to 100, paid 50 to be half-redeemed, and rose in value to 200. (If partial redemption works, he need only pay another 100 to compete redemption; if not does not work, he must pay another 150.)

2. (Stringency): A slave was sold for 200, paid 100 to be half-redeemed, and decreased in value to 100. If partial redemption works, he must pay another 50 to compete redemption; if not does not work, it is as if the 100 are a deposit by his master - this suffices to redeem him now!