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1) HOW MUCH IS A PERUTAH?

(a) (Mishnah): Beis Hillel say, a Perutah...
(b) (Rav Yosef): Any coin which is now considered a Perutah may be used (even if it has been devalued).
(c) Question (Abaye - Mishnah): A Perutah is an eighth of an Italian Isar. (If a (current) Perutah is not worth this much, it cannot engage!)

1. Suggestion: Perhaps the Mishnah refers to in Moshe's day, but today, any accepted currency, no matter how small, can engage.
2. Rejection: Rav Dimi reported that R. Simai calculated the Perutah in his generation, and found it to be one eighth of an Italian Isar;

i. (Ravin): R. Dostoy and...calculated the Perutah in their generation, and found it to be one sixth of an Italian Isar.

(d) Counter-question (Rav Yosef - Beraisa): There are more than 2000 Perutos in 2 Sela'im.

1. If the Perutah is fixed (it must be as in Moshe's day, 1 part in 192 of a Dinar), there are less than 2000 Perutos in 2 Sela'im!

(e) Correction (An elder): The Beraisa should say close to 2000.
(f) Question: But there are only 1536!
(g) Answer: Since it is closer to 2000 than 1000, the Tana calls it close to 2000.
(h) (Rav Dimi): R. Simai calculated the Perutah - it was one eighth of an Italian Isar;
(i) (Ravin): R. Dostoy and...calculated the Perutah - it was one sixth of an Italian Isar.

1. Suggestion (Abaye): You (Rav Dimi) and Ravin argue as the following Tana'im!
2. (Beraisa): A Perutah is an eighth of an Italian Isar;

i. A Dinar is 6 Mo'oh...(a Mo'oh is 4 Isarim; an Isar is 8 Perutos);

3. R. Shimon ben Gamliel says...(a Mo'oh is 24 Perutos - it follows, a Perutah is one sixth of an Italian Isar).
4. Answer (Rav Dimi): No, Ravin and I both hold as the first Tana;

i. When the Isar is devalued, there are 32 Isarim in a Dinar (hence 6 Perutos in an Isar); when the Isar is increased, there are 24 Isarim in a Dinar (hence 8 Perutos in an Isar).

(a) (Shmuel): A man engaged a woman with a date - even if dates sell for much less than a Perutah, we are concerned, perhaps they are worth a Perutah in Madai (another place).
(b) Question: (Mishnah): Beis Hillel say, a Perutah or the value of a Perutah engages -it follows, less than a Perutah does not!
(c) Answer: A Perutah makes definite engagement; less than a Perutah creates a doubtful engagement.
(d) Reuven engaged Leah with a piece of marble; Rav Chisda was calculating if it was worth a Perutah.

1. Question: But Shmuel taught, even if it is not worth a Perutah, we are concerned!
2. Answer: Rav Chisda argues on Shmuel.
3. Leah's mother: On the day he engaged her, it was worth a Perutah!
4. Rav Chisda: You are not believed (to say this, which would forbid her to Shimon, who engaged her after Reuven).

i. This is as the case of Yehudis, R. Chiya's wife (who had painful pregnancies and wanted to be divorced).
ii. Yehudis: My mother told me that my father engaged me (to someone else) when I was young!
iii. R. Chiya: She is not believed to forbid you to me.

5. Rabanan (to Rav Chisda): There are witnesses abroad that the rock was worth a Perutah that day!
6. Rav Chisda: Since they are not here, we are not concerned for them.

i. Suggestion: This is as R. Chanina's ruling.
ii. (R. Chanina): We will not forbid a woman that was captured, just because there are rumors that there are witnesses abroad (that know she was captured; if they would testify before us, we would forbid her).
iii. Rejection: (Abaye and Rava): No - R. Chanina is only lenient by a captured woman, for she makes herself repulsive to the captors (even if the rumors are true, she probably was not defiled);
iv. Here, we cannot be lenient - if the rumors are true, she is married to Reuven!

7. The woman married someone else. In Sura, Chachamim refused to intermarry with her children.

i. This is not because they hold as Shmuel; rather, they hold as Abaye and Rava.

(a) Question (Rav Acha bar Huna): A man engaged a woman with a myrtle branch in the market - what is the law?
(b) Answer (Rav Yosef): He is lashed, as Rav holds; she is doubtfully engaged to him, as Shmuel.

1. Rav lashes one who does any of the following:

i. Engaging in the market, or engaging through relations, or engaging without prior agreement;
ii. Nullifying a Get (that was sent through a messenger, for his wife may remarry before hearing that the Get is void);
iii. Telling witnesses that the Get he gave was not given willingly (and is invalid - this will make people suspect that his wife's future children are Mamzerim);
iv. One who annoys a messenger of Chachamim;
v. One who is excommunicated, and does not request within 30 days that it be lifted;
vi. A man that lives by his mother-in-law.

2. Question: Is he only lashed if he lives by her, not for passing by?

i. Rav Sheshes lashed a man for passing by his mother-in-law's porch!

3. Answer: That was a special case, that man was suspected of relations with her.
4. (Nehardai): [Version #1: Rav only lashes one who engages through relations without prior agreement.]
5. [Version #2: Rav lashes one who engages through relations, even with prior agreement, for this is lewd.]