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1) TZEDAKAH

(a) If letter of the law says that the son need not feed him - we understand this.

1. If the law says the son must feed him -why was coercion needed (Rashi - why was the man was so thankful)?

(b) (R. Ilai): In Usha, it was enacted that one should not give more than a fifth of his income to Tzedakah, lest he come to need to take from people.

1. Version #1: There was a case of one who wanted to give more; his colleague, R. Yeshevav, did not allow him.
2. Version #2: R. Yeshevav wanted to give more; his colleague, R. Akiva, did not allow him.

(c) (Rav Nachman): We learn from "Tithe I will tithe it".
(d) Question: The 2nd tithe (which is on the 90% remaining after the 1st tithe) is less than a tenth - in all, less than a fifth is given!
(e) Answer (Rav Ashi): "Tithe I will tithe it" - the 2nd tithe is as the 1st.
(f) (Rav Simi Bar Ashi): These teachings of R. Ilai are in descending order (of the number of Amora'im he quoted).

1. A way to remember the order - 'children wrote and squandered'.

(a) (R. Yitzchak): In Usha, it was enacted that a man should be gentle with a son that does not want to learn until age 12; from then on, he should whip him and deprive him of food.
(b) Question: But Rav said, Do not accept to teach a child below 6; after 6, stuff him (with Torah) as an ox!
(c) Answer #1: Yes, stuff him with Torah - but do not whip or hunger him until 12.
(d) Answer #2: 6 is the age to afflict a son that will not learn Chumash; 12 is the age for one that will not learn Mishnah.

1. (Abaye): My surrogate mother told me, 6 is the age to learn Chumash, 10 to learn Mishnah, 13 to fast the entire day (of Yom Kipur); for a girl, 12.
2. (Abaye): My surrogate mother told me, a boy that is bitten by a scorpion on the day he turns 6 will die.
3. Question: What is the cure?
4. Answer: Take bile of a white Dayah bird; anoint him with it, and give him some to drink with beer.
5. (Abaye): My surrogate mother told me, a boy that is stung by a bee on the day he turns 1 will die.
6. Question: What is the cure?
7. Answer: Put moss of a date tree in water; anoint him with it, and give him some to drink.

(e) Version #1 (Rav Katina): One who starts teaching his child before 6, will run but not succeed (to cure him).
(f) Version #2: His peers will run but not succeed (to attain his level of learning).

1. Resolution #1: Both are true; he will be weak and learned.
2. Resolution #2: If a sickly child starts learning before 6, he will never be cured; if he is healthy, he will be learned.

(g) (R. Yosi Bar Chanina): In Usha, they enacted that a woman who sells her Nichsei Melug (property she brought into the marriage), when she dies, her husband takes the property from the buyers.
(h) R. Yosi Bar Yitzchak heard that R. Yosi Bar Chanina said that law; he learned this 40 times, until it was perfectly solid by him.
(i) "Happy is the one who guards justice, and constantly does Tzedakah".
(j) Question: Is it possible to constantly be doing Tzedakah?
(k) Answer #1(Our teachers in Yavneh): This is one who feeds his children when they are minors.
(l) Answer #2 (R. Shmuel Bar Nachmani): This is one who raises orphans in his home and marries them off.
(m) "Wealth in his house; his Tzedakah stands forever".

1. Rav Huna and Rav Chisda: One said, this refers to one who learns and teaches Torah; the other said, this is one who writes Seforim (Tanach) and lends them to others.

(n) "And you will see children to your sons; Shalom upon Yisrael".

1. Explanation #1: There will be no need for Yibum or Chalitzah.
2. Explanation #2(R. Shmuel Bar Nachmani): There will be Shalom among the judges of Yisrael - there will be no fights over inheritance.

(a) (Mishnah): R. Elazar Ben Azaryah expounded ...

(b) (Rav Hamnuna): Just as sons only inherit land, also daughters are only fed from land.
(c) Question: (Everyone): One who dies without land - his sons do not inherit?!
(d) Rav Yosef: Perhaps the reference was to sons inheriting Kesuvas Benin Dichrin (boys inherit the dowry of their mother)?
(e) (Rav Hamnuna): You are great, therefore you understood what I meant.
(f) (R. Chiya Bar Yosef): Rav *Zan* (feeds) from wheat d'Aliyah (of above).
(g) Possibility #1: Was this Parnasah (dowry) - and 'of above' refers to the higher estimation of how much the father would have given, as Shmuel?

1. (Shmuel): We estimate the generosity of the father to determine how much of a dowry to give his daughters.

(h) Possibility #2: Or, is it literally feeding - 'of above', based on nice teachings of the attic.

1. (R. Yitzchak Bar Yosef): In the attic, they enacted that daughters should also be fed from Metaltelim (property other than land).

(i) A case occurred, and Shmuel ruled that orphan girls be fed from Metaltelim.

1. Suggestion: Literally, he fed them, as R. Yitzchak Bar Yosef's teaching.
2. Rejection: No, it was Parnasah, as he holds.

i. (Shmuel): We estimate the generosity of the father to determine how much of a dowry to give his daughters (and therefore, even from Metaltelim).

(j) A case occurred in Nehardai; Rav Chana Bar Bizni fed the girls from Metaltelim.

1. (Rav Nachman): Return them, or I will confiscate your houses!

(k) Rav Ami and Rav Asi thought to feed from Metaltelim.

1. R. Yakov Bar Idi: Something which R. Yochanan and Reish Lakish did not do - you will do?!

(l) R. Elazar thought to feed from Metaltelim.

1. R. Shimon Ben Elyakim: I know this is not really the law, you are just doing this from compassion - but perhaps students will see and permanently establish that this is the law!

(m) Rav Yosef ruled that daughters be fed from dates on mattresses.
(n) Question (Abaye): Would a creditor collect from them?
(o) Answer (Rav Yosef): I referred to dates ready to be put on mattresses (i.e. they are ripe, but still attached to the tree).