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1) THOSE EXEMPT FROM "OLEH V'YORED"

(a) Answer #2: Rather, he learns as follows.

1. (Beraisa - R. Yirmeyah): It says "He will not be able to afford" - this applies to someone who can become poor or rich, to exclude a Nasi or a Mashu'ach, who never become poor.

i. A Nasi is never poor - "Hash-m Elokav" -only Hash-m is above him;
ii. A Mashu'ach is never poor - "The Kohen that is greater than his brothers" - in beauty, strength, Chachmah and wealth;
iii. Others say, "that is greater from his brothers" - if he is not wealthiest, the other Kohanim give him money to make him the wealthiest.

(b) Question (Ravina): If a Nasi transgressed (something for which one brings Oleh v'Yored) and became a Metzora, what is the law?

1. Is he exempt only while he is considered Nasi - but now, he is liable?
2. Or - since before he was unable to bring the Korban, he never brings it?

(c) Answer (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): He pays from his treasury, not from yours! (Rashi - his treasury never runs out, so he is exempt; Ramah - since he must take from his own wealth, he cannot currently collect taxes, he is liable (as a regular wealthy person, who could wax poor).
(d) (Beraisa - R. Akiva): A Mashu'ach is exempt from all of these.
(e) Question (Rava): What is R. Akiva's reason?
(f) Answer (Rava): "This (Minchah) is the Korban of Aharon and his children" - this is the only obligatory Minchah of a Kohen Gadol.
(g) Question: Perhaps this excludes him only from the Korban of the most destitute, a Minchah, but he brings the Chatas of a (moderately) poor or rich person!
(h) Rejection: "The Kohen will atone for the sin that he sinned, *me'Achas me'Eleh*" - one who gets atonement through (any) one of these (a Minchah, bird or animal), gets atonement through all; one who does atone through (any) one of these, does not atone through any of them.
(i) Question: If so, we should also say "Ki Yesham l'Achas me'Eleh" - one who is liable for (any) one of these (Oleh v'Yored offerings), is liable for all; one who is not liable for (any) one of these, is not liable for any of them!

1. (Mishnah - R. Akiva): A Nasi is liable for all, except for Shevu'as ha'Edus.

(j) Answer (Abaye and Rava): The Tana expounds "l'Achas", he does not expound "me'Achas".
(k) Question: Why does he only expound "l'Achas"?
(l) Answer: The Torah wrote this at the end, regarding the Minchah, to teach that anyone that can bring the cheapest Korban can bring the others;

1. If the Halachah was that one who is exempt from one of these is liable for the others, "l'Achas" should have been written regarding an animal or bird.

(a) (Mishnah): A commoner brings a Se'irah or Kisvah for any Mitzvah punishable by Kares (b'Mezid) and a Chatas (b'Shogeg);

1. The Nasi brings a (male) Sa'ir; a Mashu'ach or Beis Din brings Parim.
2. For idolatry, a commoner, Nasi or Mashu'ach brings a Se'irah; Beis Din brings a Par for an Olah and a (male) Sa'ir for a Chatas.

(b) A commoner or Nasi brings Asham Taluy, a Mashu'ach or Beis Din is exempt. (c) A commoner, Nasi or Mashu'ach brings Asham Vadai, Beis Din is exempt.
(d) R. Shimon says, for Shevu'as ha'Edus, Shevu'as Bituy, or Tum'ah (of the Mikdash and Kodshim), Beis Din is exempt, a commoner or Nasi is liable;

1. A Mashu'ach is liable for either Shevu'ah, he is exempt for Tum'ah;

(e) Whoever is liable brings the standard Oleh v'Yored;

1. R. Eliezer says, a Nasi brings a Sa'ir.

(f) (Gemara - Beraisa - R. Shimon): The general rule is, whenever a commoner brings Asham Taluy, a Nasi does also; a Mashu'ach or Beis Din is exempt;
(g) Whenever a commoner brings Asham Vadai, a Nasi or Mashu'ach does also, Beis Din is exempt;

1. For Shevu'as ha'Edus, Shevu'as Bituy, or Tum'ah of the Mikdash and Kodshim, Beis Din is exempt, a commoner, Nasi or Mashu'ach is liable (for at least some of these);
2. A Nasi is exempt for Shevu'as ha'Edus, a Mashu'ach is exempt for Tum'ah;

(h) A Nasi is like a commoner regarding Oleh v'Yored; a Mashu'ach or Beis Din is exempt.
(i) Question: The Beraisa contradicts itself!

1. It exempts a Mashu'ach for Tum'ah, implying that he is liable for either Shevu'ah;
2. Then it says that a Nasi is like a commoner regarding Oleh v'Yored; a Mashu'ach or Beis Din is exempt;

i. Just as Beis Din is exempt from all of them, also a Mashu'ach!

(j) Answer (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Yehoshua): A Mashu'ach is exempt from the cheapest Korban (a Minchah), but not from a bird or animal (if he is moderately poor or rich).

1. R. Shimon agrees with R. Akiva (who totally exempts a Mashu'ach) in one respect, and argues in another:
2. He agrees that he is exempt from bringing a Minchah, but not from a bird or animal.

(k) (Mishnah - R. Shimon): However, a Mashu'ach is exempt for Tum'ah...
(l) Question (Chizkiyah): What is R. Shimon's reason?
(m) Answer #1 (Chizkiyah): He learns from "That soul will be cut off from the Tzibur" - this refers to someone whose Korban is like that of the Tzibur;

1. This excludes a Mashu'ach, who brings a different Korban.
2. Question: Also a Nasi brings a different Korban!
3. Answer: A Nasi gets atonement with the Tzibur (through the Sa'ir) on Yom Kipur.
4. Question: If so, all Kohanim should be exempt, for their atonement on Yom Kipur is through the Par!
5. Answer: Regular Kohanim get atonement with the Tzibur (when Parim for mistaken Hora'ah are brought).
6. Objection: A Mashu'ach also gets atonement with the Tzibur!

(n) Answer #2 (Rava): The verse discusses one who is liable for sin like (a minority of) the Tzibur (i.e. for Shegagah alone - this excludes a Mashu'ach).

(a) (Mishnah): R. Eliezer says, a Nasi brings a Sa'ir...
(b) (R. Yochanan): R. Eliezer says this only regarding Tum'ah of the Mikdash and Kodshim, which are Chayavei Kerisus, just like sins punishable by a fixed Chatas.
(c) Support (Rav Papa): Surely R. Eliezer does not say this regarding every Oleh v'Yored!

1. The Sa'ir of a Nasi and the Par of a Mashu'ach are in place of the Chatas of a commoner; if R. Eliezer held that a Nasi brings a Sa'ir for every Oleh v'Yored, he should also say that a Mashu'ach brings a Par for (every one, including) Tum'ah!
2. Since he did not say this, he must hold that a Nasi only brings for Tum'ah, for which a Mashu'ach is exempt.

(d) Question (Rav Huna brei d'Rav Noson): Perhaps R. Eliezer said this for every Oleh v'Yored; he did not mention a Mashu'ach, because he holds like R. Akiva, that a Mashu'ach is exempt for all of them!
(e) Answer (Rav Papa): R. Akiva only said that he does not bring Oleh v'Yored, but he brings a Par.
(f) (R. Yochanan): R. Eliezer admits that a Nasi does not bring an Asham (Taluy).
(g) (A reciter of Beraisos): An Asham Taluy is brought for Tum'ah of the Mikdash and Kodshim.
(h) Question (Rav Sheshes): Do you think that because they are Chayavei Kerisus and a Nasi brings a Sa'ir, an Asham Taluy is also brought for them?!

1. R. Yochanan taught, R. Eliezer admits that a Nasi does not bring an Asham Taluy!
2. This is left difficult.