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1) EXCESS FEAR

(a) (Rav Chisda): A person should never instill excessive fear in his house - (the husband of) the concubine of Givah did so, and this caused many tens of thousands of Yisrael to die.
(b) (Rav Yehudah): Anyone that instills excessive fear in his house will eventually come to 3 sins: incest, bloodshed, and desecration of Shabbos (as resulted from the concubine in Givah).
(c) (Rabah bar bar Chanah): Chachamim say, a man must say 3 things in his house on Erev Shabbos, close to dark: Have you separated Ma'aseros? Have you made Eiruvim? Light the Shabbos lights!

1. (Rabah bar bar Chanah): These must be said gently, so the household will comply.

(d) (Rav Ashi): Even before I heard Rabah bar bar Chanah's teaching, I reasoned that they should be said gently.
(e) (R. Avahu): A person should never instill excessive fear in his house; a great man - R. Chanina ben Gamliel, instilled excessive fear, and they fed him a terribly forbidden food!
(f) Objection: This cannot be! Hash-m does not allow a pitfall to come through animals of Tzadikim - all the more so, not to Tzadikim themselves!
(g) Correction: Rather, they were about to feed him a great thing - a limb from a living animal.
(h) Mar Ukva: There are people that annoy me; I could inform on them to the king - should I?
(i) R. Elazar scratched a Sirtut line and returned: "I will guard my ways from sinning with my tongue, I will muzzle my mouth while the evil one is in front of me" - even while the evil one is in front of me, I will muzzle my mouth.
(j) Mar Ukva: They are bothering me excessively - I cannot bear them!
(k) R. Elazar: "Be silent to Hash-m and Hischolel (hope) to Him" - wait for Hash-m, and He will make your enemies fall Chalalim Chalalim (piles of corpses).

1. Rise early to the Beis Midrash and stay late, and your enemies will perish by themselves.
2. Just after R. Elazar said this, Geneiva was put in chains to be executed.

(a) Question: How do we know that song is forbidden?
(b) Answer (Mar Ukva): "Do not rejoice Yisrael, do not rejoice as the nations".
(c) Question: Why didn't he answer "They will not drink wine amidst song, strong drink is bitter to those that drink it"?
(d) Answer: If from there, one might have thought that song with instruments is forbidden, but vocal song is permitted - we hear, this is not so.
(e) Question (Rav Huna bar Noson): What do we learn from "Kinah and Dimonah and Ad'adah"?
(f) Answer (Rav Ashi): The verse lists cities of Eretz Yisrael.

1. Rav Huna bar Noson: Rav Gaviha expounded thusly: Anyone that has justified anger (Kinah) on his friend, and is silent (Domem), the one who dwells forever (Adei Ad) will judge his case.
2. Rav Ashi: If so - expound "Tziklag and Madmanah and Sansanah"!
3. Rav Huna: If Rav Gaviha was here, he would!
4. Rav Acha: One whose livelihood was diminished (he has a Tza'akas Legimah) by his friend and is silent (Domem), the one who dwells in the (burning) bush (Sneh) will judge his case.

(g) Question (The exilarch): How do we know that crowns of Chasanim are forbidden?
(h) Answer (Rav Huna): This is a Rabbinic decree.

1. (Mishnah): During Aspanyanus' siege of Yerushalayim, Chachamim decreed against crowns of Chasanim and drums.
2. Rav Huna left; Rav Chisda said, we learn from "Remove the turban and lift off the crown" - people may wear crowns only when the Kohen Gadol wears his turban (i.e. when the Temple stands).
3. Rav Huna: You expound nicely, but the law is only a Rabbinic decree.

(i) Mar Bar Rav Ashi was making a crown for his daughter.

1. Ravina: Don't you agree that we learn from "Remove the turban and lift off the crown" that this is forbidden?
2. Mar Bar Rav Ashi: We learn from the Kohen Gadol, and we only learn that it is forbidden for those similar to the Kohen Gadol, i.e. men.
3. Question: What does the end of that verse mean - "This, not this"?
4. Answer (Rav Avira): When Hash-m told Yisrael "Remove the turban and lift off the crown" - the angels asked, is this fitting for Yisrael, who said "We will do" before "We will hear" on Mount Sinai?!

i. Hash-m answered - this is fitting for Yisrael, who lowered the high and raised what is low, and set up an idol in the Heichal.

(a) (Rav Avira): "If they are complete, or many, even so they will be cut" - if a person sees that his income is scarce, he should give Tzedakah from it - all the more so, if he his income is large!
(b) Question: What does the end of the verse teach - "Even so they will be cut, and pass"?
(c) Answer (Tana d'Vei R. Yishmael): Anyone that trims his possessions and gives Tzedakah, he is saved from punishment in Gehinom.

1. This is a parable to 2 sheep passing through water, only 1 of them is shorn - only the shorn sheep can pass.

(d) (Mar Zutra): "And I afflicted you" - even a poor person supported by Tzedakah should give Tzedakah.
(e) (Rav Yosef): "I will not afflict you any more" - he will not experience any more signs of poverty.

(a) (Mishnah): R. Yehudah says, from Rekem and eastwards ... (from Ako or further north ...)
(b) Question: This implies that Ako is the northernmost part of Eretz Yisrael!

1. Contradiction (Beraisa): As one walks from Ako to Cheziv: on his right, to the east of the path, is Tamei, as Chutz La'aretz; what grows may be assumed to be exempt from Ma'aser and Shemitah, unless it is known to be obligated.
2. On his left, to the west of the path, is Tahor, as Eretz Yisrael; what grows may be assumed to be obligated in Ma'aser and Shemitah, unless it is known to be exempt.

i. This applies until Cheziv; R. Yishmael b'Rebbi Yosi says, until Lavlevo.

(c) Answer (Abaye): Only a small strip of land extends north of Ako.
(d) Question: Why does the Tana say 'to the east of the path' - a path is not so important to be used as a reference point!
(e) Answer: It is, as we see in Scripture!

1. "In Shilo ... to the east of the path from Beis Kel to Shechem".

(a) (Beraisa #1): Bringing a Get in a boat is as bringing a Get in Eretz Yisrael.
(b) Contradiction (Beraisa #2): Bringing a Get in a boat is as bringing a Get in Chutz La'aretz.
(c) Answer #1 (R. Yirmeyah): Beraisa #1 is as Chachamim, Beraisa #2 is as R. Yehudah.

1. (Mishnah): Earth of Chutz La'aretz in a boat in Eretz Yisrael - what grows in it is obligated in Ma'aser and Shemitah;
2. R. Yehudah says, this only applies if the boat scrapes the bottom of the river; but if it floats (at least 10 Tefachim), it is exempt.

(d) Answer #2 (Abaye): Both Beraisas are as R. Yehudah; the first is when the boat scrapes the bottom, the second refers to when it floats.

1. (R. Zeira): R. Yehudah and Chachamim would also argue regarding an elevated flowerpot (e.g. on a tripod).
2. Rejection #1 (Rava): No - perhaps all would agree that it is obligated in Ma'aser and Shemitah!

i. R. Yehudah only exempted earth in a floating boat, since it moves - but he would not exempt a flowerpot, which is stationary!

3. Rejection #2 (Rava): Perhaps all would agree that it is exempt.

i. Chachamim only said that earth in a boat is obligated, because there is no gap between it and the ground - water is as a continuation of the floor of the river.
ii. But a suspended flowerpot is separated from the ground, so it is exempt!