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1) [line 1] PAS KIVAR - (O.F. seondier) bread made from flour of inferior quality
2) [line 2] TUMEI V'KARTEI - garlic and leeks
3) [line 3] KEREISHIN - leeks
4) [line 3] NIR'EH TZENON, NIR'EH SAM CHAYIM - if a radish has been seen, a life giving drug has been seen

5a) [line 5] ALIN - leaves
b) [line 5] IMAHOS - the bulbs (vegetable)
6) [line 7] MA'ALOS U'MORADOS - ascents and descents
7) [line 10] MULYASA - ascents
8) [line 11] D'VEI BEIRAI UD'VEI NARASH - of the towns of Beirai and Narash, towns of Bavel

9) [line 11] AZKENUN - made us (me) old
10a) [line 14] AGALAH - (a) the constellation of Ursa Major (the Big Dipper) (RABEINU YONASAN MI'LUNIL); (b) according to the pronunciation *EGLAH* - Taurus, the northernmost of the signs of the zodiac (RASHI)
b) [line 14] AGALAH BA'TZAFON V'AKRAV BA'DAROM - [A person who does not know the proper alignment of north and south may use the constellations] Agalah (or Eglah) which is in the north and Akrav (Scorpio) which is in the south [in order to align the squared Techum]

11) [line 16] K'MIN HA'TEKUFAH - according to the solstices and equinoxes
12) [line 19] TEKUFAS NISAN - vernal equinox
13) [line 19] TEKUFAS TISHREI - autumnal equinox
14) [line 21] "HOLECH EL DAROM ..." - "It goes towards the south and veers to the north" (Koheles 1:6)

15) [line 24] MEHALCHASAN - it traverses them during the day
15) [line 24] MESAVEVASAN - it goes around them from behind; i.e. it traverses them at night when it cannot be seen

16) [line 32] TEKUFAS TAMUZ - the summer solstice
17) [line 37] V'EIN TEKUFAH MOSHECHES ME'CHAVERTAH ELA CHATZI SHA'AH - the difference between the *hour* in which one Tekufah falls and the *hour* in which the next one falls is 1/2 hour, since the actual *time* difference between Tekufos is 91 days and 7 1/2 hours

18) [line 39] TZEDEK - the hour when Jupiter "dominates" the heavenly hosts
19) [last line] D'ISYALID LEVANAH - the new moon appeared

20) [line 15] AREI HA'LEVIYIM
(a) When the land of Yisrael was divided among the tribes of Yisrael, all tribes received a portion of land except for the tribe of Levi (Bamidbar 26:62, Yehoshua 14:4). The Leviyim were settled in the six Arei Miklat and in forty-two other cities that were designated as "Arei Leviyim" (Yehoshua 21:3-39).
(b) Part of the grant of land that the Leviyim received was the 2000-Amah area outside of their cities. The first one thousand Amos from the wall of the city is called the Migrash of the city. It is left unplanted and is known as the "Noy ha'Ir" (the beauty of the city). The remaining one thousand Amos is designated for fields and vineyards.

21) [line 16] MIGRASH - the open spaces outside of the cities of the Leviyim which extend one thousand Amos from the wall of the city

22) [line 18] "[U'MIGRESHEI HE'ARIM ASHER TITNU LA'LEVIYIM] MI'KIR HA'IR VA'CHUTZAH ELEF AMAH [SAVIV]" - "[The open areas that you shall give the Leviyim] shall extend outwards 1000 Amos from the city wall [all around]." (ibid. 35:4)

23) [line 21] BAR ADA MESHUCHA'AH - Bar Ada, the one who measures the Techumin of cities

24) [line 23] TECHUM KAMAH HAVYA? - In a city that is two thousand Amos by two thousand Amos, what is the area of the Techum that is measured *only* along the borders of the city?

              -------------------
              |  |  |//|//|  |  |
              -------------------
              |  |  |//|//|  |  |
              -------------------
              |//|//|     |//|//|
              -------city -------
              |//|//|     |//|//|
              -------------------
              |  |  |//|//|  |  |
              -------------------
              |  |  |//|//|  |  |
              -------------------

25) [line 23] SHITSAR - sixteen [thousand square boxes which are 1000 Amos by 1000 Amos each, or sixteen million square Amos]

26) [line 23] KERANOS KAMAH HAVYAN? - what is the area of the Techum that is added because we also measure the corners (2000 Amos by 2000 Amos for each corner)?

              -------------------
              |//|//|  |  |//|//|
              -------------------
              |//|//|  |  |//|//|
              -------------------
              |  |  |     |  |  |
              -------city -------
              |  |  |     |  |  |
              -------------------
              |//|//|  |  |//|//|
              -------------------
              |//|//|  |  |//|//|
              -------------------

27) [line 26] TEFEI MI'TILTA NINHU!? - [the area of the Migrash (12 million square Amos) is not a quarter of the total Techum (32 million square Amos),] it is more than a third!?

              -------------------
              |  |  |  |  |  |  |
              -------------------
              |  |//Migrash//|  |
              ----//-------//----
              |  |//|     |//|  |
              ----//-city -//----
              |  |//|     |//|  |
              ----//-------//----
              |  |///////////|  |
              -------------------
              |  |  |  |  |  |  |
              -------------------

28) [line 28] KAMAH MERUBA YESER AL HA'IGUL? REVI'A - how much is the extra area of a square whose side is the same length as the diameter of the inscribed circle? One-fourth.

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