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1) [line 13] SHIV'IM AMAH V'SHIRAYIM - seventy Amos and 4 Tefachim
2) [line 16] SHOMEIRAH - a watchman's hut
3a) [line 17] BOR - a round well that is dug in the ground
b) [line 18] SHI'ACH - elongated ditches of water
c) [line 18] ME'ARAH - covered caves of water

4) [line 28] V'LO IREV (BITUL RESHUYOS)
(a) THE TORAH LAW - According to Torah law, in a courtyard (Chatzer) which has in it houses owned by different people, all of the neighbors may transfer objects from their houses to the courtyard and into other houses on Shabbos. Even though each house is a separate Reshus ha'Yachid, it is permissible to move objects from one Reshus ha'Yachid to another. (RAMBAM Hilchos Eruvin 1:1)
(b) ERUV CHATZEIROS - King Shlomo decreed that transferring objects from a private Reshus ha'Yachid to a public one is forbidden, unless an *Eruv Chatzeiros* (lit. a mixing of the courtyard, Rambam Hil. Eruvin 1:6; or fraternization of the courtyard, Eruvin 49a) is created on Friday, before Shabbos begins. (Shabbos 14b, Eruvin 21b). This is accomplished by all of the neighbors collectively setting aside a loaf of bread, in one common container, in one of the houses of the courtyard. This shows that all neighbors have an equal share in all of the Reshuyos ha'Yachid, just as they all have a share in that bread. Through this act, they can be considered one Reshus again. (RAMBAM ibid. 1:4-9)
(c) BITUL RESHUYOS - In the event that the inhabitants of the courtyard did not set an Eruv Chatzeiros before Shabbos, carrying may still be permitted if *Bitul Reshuyos* is done. If none of the people in the Chatzer made an Eruv, all of the inhabitants of the courtyard may nullify their domains in favor of one of the inhabitants. All of the houses/courtyards in the area are considered the private domain of the person chosen. If some of those in the Chatzer made an Eruv together, those who did not may nullify their domains in favor of the collective domain of those who made an Eruv. Bitul Reshuyos may be done as long as the following conditions are met: (1) the nullification is done only in favor of a *single* person or collective party. If not, the area is not considered one private domain; (2) those who nullified their domains do not transfer objects from their houses to the courtyard or vice versa. Bitul Reshuyos only permits carrying in the courtyard (and, according to many Tana'im, from the courtyard to the house of the person/s chosen -- Eruvin 26a). If one of the houseowners who nullified their domains transfers from his house to the courtyard or vice versa, it constitutes a repeal of the nullification. It becomes once again prohibited to carry in the courtyard.

5) [line 30] ARKAVLIN - prickly creepers on palm-trees, palm-ivy

*6*) [line 1] HAINU TANA KAMA - (a) That is the same as the Tana Kama of the *first* Mishnah in the Perek, 18a (RASHI); (b) Why did he repeat the statement "70 Amos and Shirayim" that *Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira* made in the beginning of *this* Mishnah (RABEINU CHANANEL)

7a) [line 7] TOL CHAMISHIM - take the 50 (X 50) Amos by which the Chatzer is longer than its width
b) [line 8] V'SABEV CHAMISHIM - and surround the other 50 (X 50) Amos (making a square of 70 Amos and 4.26 Tefachim by 70 Amos and 4.26 Tefachim)

8) [line 17] RIBU'A D'RIV'UHA RABANAN - (a) the square which the Chachamim use as a standard for measuring an enclosed area in which carrying is permitted: Rebbi Yosi rules that the standard measurement is a square of 70 Amos and 4 Tefachim (but a rectangle of 50 Amos by 100 Amos is also valid); Rebbi Eliezer rules that the standard measurement is a rectangle of 50 Amos by 100 Amos (but a square of 70 Amos and 4 Tefachim is also valid) (RASHI); (b) [for an explanation of the opinions of the Rif and Tosfos, see Insights #1]

9) [line 25] D'ARICH V'KATIN - [a courtyard] that is long and narrow

10) [line 32] ECHAD GAGOS... RESHUS ECHAD HEN
(a) King Shlomo decreed that transferring objects from a *private* Reshus ha'Yachid to a *public* one is forbidden, unless an Eruv Chatzeiros (lit. a mixing of the courtyard, Rambam Hil. Eruvin 1:6; or fraternization of the courtyard, Eruvin 49a) is created on Friday, before Shabbos begins (Shabbos 14b, Eruvin 21b).
(b) The Tana'im argue as to whether it is permitted to carry from one *public* Reshus ha'Yachid to another *public* Reshus ha'Yachid. Rabanan rule that it is prohibited, while Rebbi Shimon rules that it is permissible (Eruvin 89a).
(c) This argument only applies to utensils that were in a public Reshus ha'Yachid when Shabbos begins. Utensils that were in a house (= private Reshus ha'Yachid) when Shabbos begins and were taken out to a Chatzer (= public Reshus ha'Yachid) on Shabbos through the use of an Eruv Chatzeiros, may not be transferred to another roof, Chatzer or Karpaf.

11) [line 33] KARPIFOS - enclosed areas that are located outside of a settlement, used for storage of timber and other such objects. enclosures were *not* made for dwelling purposes.

12) [line 33] SHE'SHAVSU B'SOCHAN - that "rested" in them, i.e. that were in them from the beginning of Shabbos

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