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1)

(a) Still citing Rava in to Rebbi Ilai, the Pasuk in Re'ei "Ma'asar Degancha" precludes crops that are owned be'Shutfus Nochri from Ma'aser Sheini, and "Ma'asroseichem" (ibid.) includes crops that are owned be'Shutfus Yisrael.
With regard to Matanos, what do we initially think that Rebbi Ilai would learn from "Nesinah" "Nesinah" from Reishis ha'Gez?

(b) What would he therefore learn from "me'es Zovchei ha'Zevach"?

(c) We refute all that however, on the grounds that Rebbi Ilai would rather learn the 'Gezeirah-Shavah' from Terumah.
What do we mean by that?

(d) What will he then learn from "me'es Zovchei ha'Zevach"?

(a) If the Pasuk in ...

1. ... Korach "Bikurei Kol Asher be'Artzam" (which is less specific than 'Artz'cha') comes to include land of Shutfim in the Din of Shutfus, what do we then learn from the Pasuk in Ki Savo "Asher Tavi *me'Artz'cha*"?
2. ... Sh'lach-Lecha "Al Kanfei Bigdeihem" comes to include a garment of Shutfim in the Din of Tzitzis, what does Rav Yehudah learn from the Pasuk in Ki Seitzei "Al Arba Kanfos *K'suscha*"?
3. ... Ki Seitzei "Ki Yipol ha'Nofel Mimenu" comes to include a roof belonging to Shutfim in the Din of Ma'akah (building a parapet around the roof), what do we learn from the Pasuk there "le'Gagecha"?

(b) What is the logic behind the previous D'rashah? Why should a Shul and a Beis-ha'Keneses be different than any other apartment?

(c) Rav Bibi bar Abaye cites a Beraisa where Rebbi Ilai specifically exempts an animal belonging to Shutfim from the Din of Bechorah (disproving Rava). Assuming that he learns it from "Bekarcha ve'Tzoncha", how does he then explain the Pasuk "Bekarchem ve'Tzonchem"?

(d) Rav Chanina from Sura too, proves Rava wrong from another Beraisa, where Rebbi Ilai exempts a Beheimah of Shutfim from Matanos. Assuming that he learns it "Nesinah" "Nesinah" from Reishis ha'Gez, what Kashya does this pose on Rava? Why must a field owned by partners be Patur from Terumah, according to Rebbi Ilai?

(a) If, as we just concluded, Rebbi Ilai learns Matanos "Nesinah" "Nesinah" from Terumah, Matanos should also only apply in Eretz Yisrael, but not in Chutz la'Aretz.
What do we answer?

(b) What did Rebbi Ilai also say about Reishis ha'Gez? What reason did Rava cite for this ruling?

(c) Abaye asked Rava that, if Rebbi Ilai learns Reishis ha'Gez from Terumah (as we just explained), then it ought to be subject to Tevel, Misah (be'Meizid) and a Chomesh (be'Shogeg). Rava replied by citing three Pesukim.
What did he prove from the Pasuk...

1. ... in Shoftim "*ve'Reishis* Gez Tzoncha *Titen Lo*"?
2. ... in Emor (in connection with Terumah) "u'Meisu Bo"?
3. ... "Ve'yasaf Alav" (ibid.)?

(d) Which Kashya was Rava coming to answer when he said to Abaye 'Amar K'ra "Reishis", Ein Lecha Bo Ela Reishis Bil'vad'?

(a) What do we learn from the Pasuk in Re'ei (in connection with Ma'asros) "ha'Yotzei ha'Sadeh Shanah Shanah"?

(b) What can we extrapolate from the Beraisa, which rules that one cannot combine the wool of two sheep one year and three sheep the next?

(c) How do we reconcile this with another Beraisa, which rules that one cannot even combine the wool of five sheep that are shorn in different years?

(a) What do we mean when we say that with regard to Terumah 'Gadel be'Chiyuv, Chayav; Gadel bi'Petur, Patur'?

(b) The source for this lies in a Beraisa.
Why does everyone agree that, even though land in Syria is subject to Ma'asros, a Nochri who purchases a field there, removes the Chiyuv ('Yesh Kinyan le'Nochri ... ')?

(c) What does the Tana rule in a case where someone purchased a field in Syria from a Nochri, before the crops had grown to one third of their full size?

(d) If the Yisrael purchased it from then on, Rebbi Akiva obligates him to Ma'aser what grows after that.
What do the Chachamim say?

(e) What will be the equivalent Din if one purchases a field from a Nochri in Eretz Yisrael?

(a) Our Mishnah exempts someone who purchases the shearings of a sheep belonging to a Nochri (because one is only Chayav on the wool of a sheep that belongs to a bar Chiyuva).
What can we extrapolate from there?

(b) What problem does this create with what we just learned?

(c) What do we answer?

7)

(a) What does the Tana Kama say about Ma'asering black and white figs or two different kinds of wheat on one another?

(b) According to Rebbi Yitzchak Amar Rebbi Elazar, this is the opinion of Beis Shamai, whilst Beis Hillel permit it.
What is Beis Hillel's reason?

(c) What can we extrapolate from here?

(d) What do we now ask with regard to Rebbi Ilai concerning Reishis ha'Gez?

(a) What do we initially try to prove from our Mishnah, based on the Din of Reuven who purchased from Shimon all his white or gray sheep?

(b) How do we refute this proof from the Seifa 'Z'charim Aval Lo Nekeivos'?

(c) So what does the Tana mean when he rules 'Zeh Nosen le'Atzmo ... '? What exactly, is he saying?

(d) In that case, our Mishnah holds that one *is* permitted to give from one kind of wool on another (not like Terumah).
How do we reconcile this with Rebbi Ilai?

(a) Up to how much Terumah is one permitted to give the Kohen?

(b) What does the Mishnah in Chalah say about declaring the entire ...

1. ... barn-full of corn, Terumah?
2. ... dough, Chalah?

(c) What do we extrapolate from there regarding Reishis ha'Gez?

(d) What does a Beraisa say about Reishis ha'Gez? What is the basis of their Machlokes?

(a) Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak states that nowadays, the Minhag is like three Zekeinim, one of them Rebbi Ilai with regard to Reishis ha'Gez.
To which aspect of Rebbi Ilai's ruling is he referring?

(b) Is this Minhag confined to Reishis ha'Gez?

(c) The second Zaken whose ruling we have adopted is Rebbi Yehudah ben Beseira. What did he mean when he said 'Ein Divrei Torah Mekablin Tum'ah'?

(d) And the third Zaken is Rebbi Yashiyah.
What leniency did he teach regarding sowing Kil'ayim?

(a) Our Mishnah lists the Chumros of Matanos over Reishis ha'Gez. We ask why the Tana does not also list the one Chumra of Reishis ha'Gez over Matanos.
Which Chumra?

(b) To answer this Kashya, Ravina establishes the author of our Mishnah as Rebbi Shimon.
What does Rebbi Shimon say?

(c) According to Ravina, Rebbi Shimon learns it "Nesinah" "Nesinah" from Matanos.
What objection do we raise to that?

(d) So we establish Rebbi Shimon's source as Ma'aser Beheimah.
How does he learn the P'tur of Reishis ha'Gez by a Tereifah from there?

(a) hWhat do we learn from the Pasuk in Bechokosai "Kol Asher Ya'avor Tachas ha'Shevet"?

(b) What is the Din regarding a Bechor Tereifah?

(c) What problem does that pose on the Limud "Tzon" "Tzon" from Ma'aser?

(a) We answer that it is more logical to learn Reishis ha'Gez from Ma'aser because it possesses seven similarities to it: 'Zecharim, Temei'in, bi'Merubin, me'Rechem, Adam, Pashut, Lifnei ha'Dibur'.
What does 'Zecharim' mean?

(b) Reishis ha'Gez and Ma'aser apply even to Tamei animals and they require at least five and ten animals respectively in order to be Chayav.
What does 'me'Rechem' mean?

(c) Neither of them applies to Adam and neither of them were commanded before Matan Torah (in all of which Bechor is different).
What does 'Pashut' mean?

(d) On the other hand, we counter, Reishis ha'Gez is similar to Bechor in eight things: 'Yasom, she'Lakchu be'Shutfus Nasnu, bi'Fenei, Kohen, bi'Kedushah, u'Mechirah'. Bechor, we say, like Reishis ha'Gez, applies even to a Yasom (whose mother died as it was born).
What happens to a Bechor that is a Yasom?

(a) Bechor and Reishis ha'Gez both apply to 'Laku'ach, be'Shutfus, Nasnu', but not Ma'aser.
What do these three mean?

(b) What do we mean by ...

1. ... 'bi'Fenei'?
2. ... 'Kohen'?

(c) 'bi'Kedushah' means that they do not need to be sanctified (one because it is Chulin, the other, because it is automatically sanctified.
What else might it mean?

(d) On what grounds do we reject this explanation?

(a) Finally, what does 'Mechirah' mean?

(b) Why would it seem to be more logical to learn Reishis ha'Gez from Bechor rather than from Ma'aser?

(c) Yet we nevertheless opt to learn it from Ma'aser.
Why is that?

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