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1) "MATANOS" APPLY ONLY TO "CHULIN"

(a) (Unspecified 'Matanos' refers to the Zero'a, Lechayim and Kevah (upper two bones of the foreleg, the jaw and stomach; one who slaughters a Chulin Behemah gives them to a Kohen).
(b) (Mishnah): Zero'a, Lechayim and Kevah apply in Eretz Yisrael and Chutz la'Aretz, whether or not the Mikdash stands, to Chulin but not to Kodshim.
(c) Suggestion: A Kal va'Chomer should obligate Matanos from Kodshim!

1. Chazeh v'Shok (chest and thigh) of Chulin are not given to Kohanim, but Matanos are - Chazeh v'Shok of Kodshim are given to Kohanim, all the more so Matanos should be given!

(d) Rejection: "Va'Eten Osam" - [from Shelamim,] Kohanim receive only Chazeh v'Shok.
(e) If an animal with a permanent blemish was made Hekdesh, after it is redeemed the following apply:

1. Kedushas Bechor (if it bears a firstborn male); Matanos; one may shear it and work with it; its offspring and milk are permitted;
2. Before redemption, one who slaughters it outside (of the Mikdash) is exempt; its Temurah is not Kodesh; if it dies, we redeem it.
3. These apply to all Korbanos except for Bechor and Ma'aser.

(f) If an animal got a permanent blemish only *after* it was Hukdash (even if it had a temporary blemish beforehand), after it is redeemed:

1. Kedushas Bechor does not apply; it is exempt from Matanos; one may not shear it nor work with it; its offspring and milk are forbidden;
2. Before redemption, one who slaughters it outside is liable; its Temurah is Kodesh; if it dies, we bury it (it may not be redeemed).

(g) (Gemara) Inference: The Torah had to write "Osam", otherwise, Matanos would apply to Kodshim.
(h) Question: We cannot learn from Chulin, for Kedushas Bechor applies to Chulin!
(i) Answer: We learn from Chulin males (there is no Kedushah to the firstborn of a male animal).
(j) Question: We cannot learn from Chulin males, for Reishis ha'Gez applies to them!
(k) Answer: We learn from male goats, Reishis ha'Gez does not apply to them.
(l) Question: We cannot learn from male goats, for Ma'aser applies to them!
(m) Answer: We learn from old (male goats - Ma'aser only applies to first year animals).
(n) Question: We cannot learn from old animals, for Ma'aser once applied to them!
(o) Answer: We learn from a bought animal or an animal whose mother died at birth (Ma'aser does not apply to them).
(p) Question: We cannot learn from them, for Ma'aser applies to their species!
(q) Answer: Ma'aser also applies to the same species as Kodshim!
(r) Suggestion: A Kal va'Chomer should teach that Chazeh v'Shok of Chulin are given to Kohanim:

1. Matanos do not apply to Kodshim, but Chazeh v'Shok do - Matanos apply to Chulin, all the more so Chazeh v'Shok apply!

(s) Rejection: "v'Zeh Yiheyeh Mishpat ha'Kohanim" - only Matanos apply to Chulin, not Chazeh v'Shok.
(t) Objection: Why is a verse needed? Chazeh v'Shok could not apply to Chulin, for Tenufah (waving) is required;

1. Tenufah cannot be done outside the Mikdash - it must be "Lifnei Hash-m"!

2. Tenufah cannot be done in the Mikdash - it is forbidden to bring Chulin into the Mikdash (Rashi - unless needed for the Avodah; Tosfos - in a way similar to Avodah).

(u) Answer: Rather, the verse teaches Rav Chisda's law.

1. (Rav Chisda): If one damages or eats Matanos Kehunah (things that must be given to Kohanim), he is exempt.

(a) Question: What is Rav Chisda's reason?
(b) Answer #1: He learns from "V'Zeh Yihyeh Mishpat ha'Kohanim" (intact Matanos Kehunah are given, not compensation for damaging them).
(c) Answer #2: No one can claim compensation (the damager can say, I will pay a different Kohen).
(d) Question (Beraisa): "v'Zeh Yiheyeh Mishpat ha'Kohanim" - this teaches that Beis Din enforces the Matanos.

1. Suggestion: This means that Beis Din makes a damager pay (to the first Kohen who claims from him)!

(e) Answer: No, it means that Beis Din forces a Yisrael to give the Matanos to a learned Kohen.

1. (Rav Shmuel bar Nachmani): We do not give Matanos to an ignoramus Kohen - "Lema'an Yechezku b'Soras Hash-m".

(f) Question (Beraisa - R. Yehudah ben Beseira): "Mishpat" - this teaches that Beis Din enforces the Matanos.

1. Suggestion: Perhaps Beis Din enforces even Chazeh v'Shok!
2. Rejection: "v'Zeh" (only the Matanos).
3. Question: Regarding what does Beis Din enforce the Matanos?

i. Suggestion: They make a Yisrael give to a learned Kohen.
ii. Rejection: That also applies to Chazeh v'Shok!

4. Answer: Rather, Beis Din makes a damager pay.

(g) Answer: The case is, the Kohen received them (and then a Yisrael damaged them).
(h) Question: If he already received them, obviously one who damages them is liable!
(i) Answer: The case is, he received the animal before the Matanos were separated - the Tana teaches that Matanos are considered separated even before they are separated.
(j) Question (Mishnah - R. Eliezer): If a rich person away from home has no money, he may take Matanos Aniyim (Leket, Shichchah and Pei'ah, which are left for the poor); when he gets home, he must pay.
(k) Answer (Rav Chisda): This is Midas Chasidus (it is beyond the letter of the law).
(l) Objection #1 (Rava): "He must pay" connotes letter of the law, not Midas Chasidus!
(m) Objection #2 (Rava): Rav Chisda would not need to answer for R. Eliezer, the Halachah follows Chachamim!
(n) (Rava): Rather, the question was from Chachamim (in that Mishnah).
(o) Question (Mishnah - Chachamim): When he gets home he is exempt, for he was poor at the time.

1. Inference: Had he been rich at the time, he would be liable!

(p) Answer (Rav Chisda): This is Midas Chasidus.

(a) Question (Beriasa): If a Yisrael ate Tevel, or a Levi ate Ma'aser that is Tevel to Terumas Ma'aser (Terumas Ma'aser was not separated from it), he is exempt;

1. "Asher Yarimu" - Terumah belongs to the Kohen only after it is separated.
2. Inference: Had he eaten it after it was separated, he would be liable!
3. According to Rav Chisda, he should be exempt!

(b) Answer: Here also, the Kohen received the Tevel before the Yisrael or Levi ate it.

1. The Tana holds that Terumah is considered separated even before it is separated.