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1) [line 1] KOLA HAVAH LEI - (lit. it has a voice) it would have been well known [that she gave birth]

2) [line 2] APULEI APIL - she miscarried

3) [line 4] TEREIFOS
(a) A Tereifah is an animal that has acquired or was born with a fatal defect that will result in its death within a year. (There are some who maintain that a Tereifah can live for more than a year, as mentioned on our Daf.) The signs of the Tereifos do not have logical reasons; rather, they are Halachos l'Moshe mi'Sinai (RASHI DH Naflah; see Insights).
(b) Tana d'Vei Rebbi Yishmael records eighteen types of Tereifos, as follows: (This list is found in YOSEF DA'AS to Chulin, pp. 436-437; the sources to the main discussions in the Gemara of each Siman Tereifah have been added.) 1. Nekuvim - holes in various organs; these holes are even of the minutest size, but must be Mefulashin, punctured through the organ or membrane. The organs included are:

a] the Veshet (esophagus; included is a condition in which the outer and inner membranes of the esophagus are switched at any place on this organ; Daf 43a-44a);
b] the Kerum ha'Mo'ach (cranial membrane; Daf 45a-b);
c] the Lev (heart; Daf 45b);
d] the Rei'ah (lung; 46a-49a);
e] the Keivah (the fourth stomach of ruminants, or abomasum; Daf 49a);
f] the Marah (gall bladder, according to Rebbi Yosi b'Rebbi Yehudah; the Chachamim argue, but our Mishnah follows his opinion; Daf 42b-43a);
g] the Dakin (small intestines; a hole in the small intestines allow the waste material to leak out and contaminate the abdominal cavity; RAMBAM Hilchos Shechitah 6:13);
h] the Keres ha'Penimis (the "inner" stomach; the Keres is the first stomach of ruminants. There is a Machlokes (Daf 50b) as to the identification of the inner and outer parts of the Keres. The most strict opinion (which is the ruling of the SHULCHAN ARUCH YD 48:2) is that the *entire* Keres is the Keres ha'Penimis and the surrounding flesh is what the Mishnah terms the Keres ha'Chitzonah);
i] the Techol (spleen, according to Rav Avira; Chiya bar Rav argues. The puncture must occur in the thicker, dorsal part of the organ; Daf 42b, 55a-b);
j] the Beis ha'Kosos (the second stomach of ruminants, or reticulum. The puncture must occur in the outer surface of the organ, not the surface adjacent to the Hemses; Daf 50b-51a)
k] the Hemses (the third stomach of ruminants, or omasum. The puncture must occur in the outer surface of the organ, not the surface adjacent to the Beis ha'Kosos; Daf 50b-51a)

4) [line 4] NEKUVAS HA'VESHET - an animal with a hole (even of minute size) in its esophagus; see previous entry, b:1:a

5) [line 5] PESUKAS HA'GARGERES - an animal with its trachea split; see above, entry #3:b:2:a

6) [line 5] NIKEV KERUM SHEL MO'ACH - the cranial membrane was pierced; see above, entry #3:b:1:b

7) [line 6] NIKEV HA'LEV L'VEIS CHALALO - the heart was punctured, through to the place of its chamber; see above, entry #3:b:1:c

8a) [line 6] NISHBERAH HA'SHIDRAH - the spinal vertebrae were shattered
b) [line 7] V'NIFSAK HA'CHUT SHELAH - and the spinal cord was severed; see above, entry #3:b:2:b

9a) [line 7] NITAL HA'KAVED - the liver was removed
b) [line 7] V'LO NISHTAYEIR HEIMENU KELUM - and nothing was left of it; see above, entry #3:b:3

10a) [line 8] HA'REI'AH SHE'NIKVAH O SHE'CHASERAH - the lung was pierced or part of it was missing; see above, entry #3:b:4
b) [line 9] AD SHE'TINAKEV L'VEIS HA'SIMPONOS - [it is not a Tereifah] unless it is pierced through to the bronchial tubes

11) [line 9] NIKVAH HA'KEIVAH - the abomasum, the fourth stomach of ruminants, was pierced; see above, entry #3:b:1:e

12) [line 10] NIKVAH HA'MARAH - the gallbladder was pierced; see above, entry #3:b:1:f

13) [line 10] NIKVU HA'DAKIN - the small intestines were pierced; see above, entry #3:b:1:g

14) [line 10] HA'KERES HA'PENIMIS SHE'NIKVAH - the "inner stomach" was pierced; see above, entry #3:b:1:h

15) [line 11] NIKRA ROV HA'CHITZONAH - the majority of the "outer stomach was torn; see above, entry #3:b:1:h

16) [line 13] HEMSES U'VEIS HA'KOSOS SHE'NIKVU LA'CHUTZ - the omasum (O.F. cenpeil - the third stomach of ruminants) and the reticulum (the second stomach of ruminants) were pierced on their outer sides; see above, entry #3:b:1:j, k

17) [line 14] NAFLAH MIN HA'GAG - it fell from the roof (even if there are no signs of injury. If it was slaughtered immediately, it is a Tereifah, since the signs of the Tereifos do not have logical reasons; rather, they are Halachos l'Moshe mi'Sinai -- RASHI; see above, entry #3:b:6 and see Insights)

18) [line 14] NISHTABRU ROV TZAL'OSEHA - most of its ribs were broken; see above, entry #3:b:7

19a) [line 14] DERUSAS HA'ZE'EV - an animal that was clawed by a wolf; see above, entry #3:b:8 and see Insights

20a) [line 15] DAKAH - small domesticated (farm) animals (such as sheep and goats)
b) [line 16] GASAH - large, domesticated (farm) animals (such as cows)

21) [line 16] DERUSAS HA'NETZ - (O.F. esparvier - sparrow hawk) an animal that was clawed by a hawk or another small bird of prey

22) [line 16] OF HA'DAK - small Kosher birds (such as pigeons)
23) [line 17] GAS - (O.F. ostoir - goshawk) a goshawk or another large bird of prey

24) [line 17] OF HA'GAS - large Kosher birds (such as geese)
25) [line 17] KOL SHE'EIN KAMOHA CHAYAH - all [animals that have defects] such that [other animals] similar to it will not live

26) [line 20] "[V'ANSHEI KODESH TIHEYUN LI,] U'VASAR BA'SADEH TEREIFAH LO SOCHEILU, [LA'KELEV TASHLICHUN OSO.]" - "[And you shall be holy men to Me,] and you shall not eat any meat that is torn [by the beasts] in the field; [you shall cast it to the dogs.]" (Shemos 22:30)

27) [line 21] TEREIFAH SHE'EINAH CHAYAH
A Tereifah is an animal that has acquired or was born with a fatal defect that will result in its death within a year ("Tereifah Einah Chayah"). There are some Tana'im and Amora'im who maintain that a Tereifah can live for more than a year ("Tereifah Chayah"). The signs of the Tereifos do not have logical reasons; rather, they are Halachos l'Moshe mi'Sinai (RASHI DH Naflah; see above, entry #3 and see Insights).

28) [line 24] "(V')ZOS HA'CHAYAH ASHER TOCHELU..." - "(and) this is the animal that you shall eat" (Vayikra 11:2)

29) [line 36] "BEIN HA'CHAYAH HA'NE'ECHELES U'VEIN HA'CHAYAH ASHER LO SE'ACHEL" - "[To distinguish between the non-Kosher (lit. impure) and the Kosher (lit. pure)] and between the animal that is [fit to be] eaten and the animal that shall not be eaten." (Vayikra 11:47)

30) [last line] BASGAR - this is a mnemonic device that stands for a word from the four types of Tereifos brought by the Gemara from Mishnayos and Beraisa'os to question the count of eighteen Tereifos of Tana dVei Rebbi Yishmael, as follows (the Gemara will answer the question at the end of Amud Beis):

1. *B* (the letter "Beis") refers to "*B*ehemah she'Nechtechu Ragleha Min ha'Arkuvah ul'Ma'alah" (Daf 42b, line 3; see above, entry #3:b:9)
2. *S* (the letter "Samech") refers to "Chi*s*aron b'Shidrah" (Daf 42b, line 10; see above, entry #3:b:10)
3. *G* (the letter "Gimel") refers to "*G*eludah" (Daf 42b, line 15; see above, entry #3:b:11)
4. *R* (the letter "Reish") refers to "Cha*r*usah" (Daf 42b, line 16; see above, entry #3:b:12)

1. "Buka d'Atma d'Shaf mi'Duchtei" (Daf 42b, line 18; see above, entry #3:b:13)
2. "Laksah b'Chilya Achas" (Daf 42b, line 20; see above, entry #3:b:14)
3. "Nikev [ha'Techol]" (Daf 42b, line 22; see above, entry #3:b:1:i)
4. "Simanim she'Nidaldelu b'Ruban" (Daf 42b, line 24; see above, entry #3:b:15)
5. "Ne'ekrah Tzela mi'Ikarah" (Daf 42b, line 26; see above, entry #3:b:16)
6. "Gulgoles she'Nechbesah b'Rubah" (Daf 42b, line 26; see above, entry #3:b:17)
7. "Basar ha'Chofeh Es Rov ha'Keres b'Rubo" (Daf 42b, line 27; see above, entry #3:b:18)

32) [line 3] BEHEMAH SHE'NECHTECHU RAGLEHA MIN HA'ARKUVAH UL'MA'ALAH - an animal, the legs of which were cut above the knees (see above, entry #3:b:9). The hind leg of Kosher animals consist of three major limbs: the Yerech, thigh (which contains the femur), the Shok, calf (which contains the tibia), and the Etzem ha'Tachton, the lower limb of the leg (which contains the metatarsal). The joint that separates the Yerech and the Shok is called the Arkuvah Elyonah, the knee (O.F. jenoil - the knee). The joint that separates the Shok and the Etzem ha'Tachton is called the Arkuvah ha'Tachtonah, the ankle joint.

33) [line 6] LIKAVOS - to be cauterized

34) [line 10] KAMAH CHISARON BA'SHIDRAH (TUM'AS MES: SHIDRAH V'GULGOLES)
(a) A k'Zayis of the flesh of a Mes (corpse) is an "Avi Avos ha'Tumah" and is Metamei through Maga (contact), Masa (carrying), and Ohel (being in the same room (lit. tent). An Ohel is defined as a covered space that is at least one Tefach in length, width and height. If a person becomes Tamei with Tum'as Mes, he must wait seven days to go to the Mikvah. Furthermore, on the third and seventh days he must have Mei Chatas (water mixed with ashes of the Parah Adumah -- see Background to Chulin 29:15) sprinkled on him.
(b) In an Ohel ha'Mes, the house or room becomes Tamei even if the Mes is passing through it and does not stop moving. A person who enters an Ohel ha'Mes becomes Tamei even if only a bit of his body enters, even when entering backwards. A Mechitzah (partition) in an Ohel ha'Mes only prevents the spread of Tum'ah if it reaches the ceiling. (RASH to Kelim 1:4)
(c) The bones of a Mes are only Metamei through Ohel under one of three conditions: 1. They constitute a quarter of a Kav (Rova ha'Kav); 2. They are the majority of the human body (whether they are the majority of the *build* (Rov Binyano) of the body or the majority of the *number* (Rov Minyano) of 248 bones; 3. The bone is a complete skull or a complete spinal column. In order to be Metamei through Maga and Masa, it is enough for the bone to be the size of a Se'orah (a grain of barley). An incomplete spine or skull are therefore Metamei through Maga and Masa. Beis Shamai and Beis Hilel disagree as to the amount missing at which point they are no longer Metamei through Ohel. (For a further discussion of Tum'as Ohel, as to objects that prevent or spread Tum'ah, see Background to Chulin 36:11:d-e.)

35) [line 11] CHULYOS - vertebrae
36) [line 14] APIK CHADA V'AYIL CHADA - take one out (either the Hemses or the Beis ha'Kosos, which are now being counted as one) and put one in (the Chisaron b'Shidrah)

37) [line 15] GELUDAH - an animal, the hide of which is stripped off (see above, entry #3:b:11)

38) [line 16] CHARUSA - an animal, the lung of which is withered and hardened as a result of noises (made by people) that terrified the animal (see above, entry #3:b:12)

39a) [line 18] BUKA D'ATMA - the ball of the femur, the thigh bone at the point that it joins to the hip bone
b) [line 18] D'SHAF MI'DUCHTEI - that was dislocated. The joint of the hip is a ball-and-socket joint; according to RASHI, the small round ligaments ("Nivei") that attach the bones *inside* the joint are torn (see above, entry #3:b:13)

40) [line 20] LAKESAH B'CHULYAH ACHAS - one kidney is diseased (see above, entry #3:b:14)

41) [line 21] NITAL HA'TECHOL - the spleen is removed
42) [line 24] SIMANIM SHE'NIDALDELU B'RUBAN - the "Simanim," the trachea and esophagus, that were detached in several places from where they were previously attached, such that a majority of them are detached (see above, entry #3:b:15)

43) [line 26] NE'EKRAH TZELA ME'IKARAH - a rib was dislocated (see above, entry #3:b:15)

44) [line 26] GULGOLES SHE'NECHBESAH B'RUBAH - most of the skull was bruised (O.F. demaciede - bruised, crushed) (see above, entry #3:b:17)

45) [line 27] BASAR HA'CHOFEH ES ROV HA'KERES B'RUBO - most of the flesh that surrounds the abdominal cavity is torn (or missing) (O.F. tenpene - part of the abdominal wall that covers the Keres, paunch, the first stomach of ruminants) (see above, entry #3:b:18)

46) [line 28] TEMANYA - eight
47) [line 29] APIK SHEV V'AYIL SHEV - take out seven (as a result of the eight Nekuvim, which are now being counted as one; the eight Nekuvim mentioned here are recorded above, entry #3:b:1, although the gallbladder and spleen are not counted, and the Beis ha'Kosos and the Hemses are counted as one) and put in seven (the Shev Shematasa; see above, entry #31)

48) [line 30] BATZAR LEHU CHADA - there is still one missing
49) [last line] D'RAV AVIRA - that of Rav Avira, i.e. Nekuvas ha'Techol (see above, entry #3:b:1:i)

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